(英语)高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解

It could have been any of us, but it happened to be me. I received a brief 18-months of undivided attention and love as the only child, before three more appeared. The second was a severe blow. No doubt, learning the need to share was important, but I had tasted the life of an only child.

Then came years of requests to look after the siblings（兄弟姐妹）, being urged that, You should be setting a better example, “Again and again the others got away with doing wrong but I didn't. We each played our roles; the second one who later skipped school to meet boys; the ever so attractive third, the boy who could do no wrong; and finally the surprise appearance of the fourth, seemed certain to be spoiled even now. So that left me: the reasonable, quiet one who got the grades, did the housework and became a chameleon（变色龙）—skilled at reading a situation and being what was needed.

Then eventually came the chance to be the first to leave and experience life on the outside, not defined（定义）as the eldest. The moment I had waited for. But now, many years later, being the eldest matters again. It's down to me; it seems, to take the lead in caring for our parents, AH the time I was made to learn about sharing; however, when it comes to responsibility, it no longer seems to apply. The others are too busy, too far away, or too unconcerned. So dutifully I travel many times across the country for hours to provide care and support. Requests to my siblings to help out more fall on deaf ears. To me, the dutiful first born, it feels like the right and only thing to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us. Sadly, that feeling isn't shared by the second, third or fourth.

（1）How does the author comment on the four children in the second paragraph? A. Angrily and Bitterly. B. Angrily and proudly. C. Bitterly and humorously. D. Humorously and proudly. （2）How did the author develop his social skills?

A. Through hard work. B. With the parents' help. C. At the parents' request. D. In practice for effectiveness. （3）What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to? A. To care for the old. B. To help the young. C. To live outside alone. D. To travel nationwide. （4）What can we learn from the text?

A. The writer hates to be the eldest. B. The writer feels proud of his role. C. The writer is satisfied with his attempt. D. The writer is regretful about the siblings. 【答案】（1）C （2）C （3）A （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文为夹叙夹议文。作者作为家中四个孩子中的老大，从小被要求照顾

小的，给兄妹树立好的榜样。父母老了，第一个关心照顾父母，认为照顾父母是自己的责任，但是其他的兄妹却只一味地推脱照顾老人的责任，这让作者深感遗憾。

（1）推理判断题。根据第二段中的描述，作者的三兄弟姐妹相继出生后自己要为他们树立好的榜样，其他的人犯错不被处罚而我不能，描述老二用“逃学见男友skipped school to meet boys “，老三”迷人attractive “的男孩，老四的出生是个”suprise“，而且一直被宠坏spoiled了。这一切的一切让我成为一个明白道理的、安静的成绩好的，做家务的，擅长做一切的人。由此可推断出作者所用语言有点苦涩但风趣。分析选项可知C项符合题，故答案选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Then came years of requests to look after the siblings（兄弟姐妹）, being urged that, You should be setting a better example,” 接下来是多年来被要求照顾兄弟姐妹，被敦促树立一个好的榜样。根据常识这一切该是孩子的父母要求大的孩子照顾小的，要求大的给小的做榜样。故答案选C。

（3）猜测词义题。分析To me, the dutiful first born, it feels like the right and only thing to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us.本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us.，即对我来说，第一个出生的一直尽职本份的我，因为父母曾养育了我们，我们要照顾他们，这是正确的唯一要做的事。由此可知“it'指的是照顾老人。故答案选A。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者对父母尽心尽力地照顾，而其他的兄弟姐妹却置之不理，推脱责任，他们认为这只是我应该做的事。作者认为非常遗憾，他们三兄妹不应该有这种感觉。由此可推断出作者对于其他的兄妹深表遗憾。故答案选D。 【点评】英语阅读理解细节题具体方法与步骤：

①排除干扰项 ，突出主题。事实细节题的设计干扰项一般都是某一细节的错误叙述与论断，可先排除干扰项。

② 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example，first，second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。

③ 快速通篇跳读，自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。

④注意识别指代词语。为避免重复，文章中对多次提及的事物或现象会使用不同的词语，如同义词、近义词、代词等。

2．阅读理解

A fourth-grade teacher allowed one of her students to shave her head in the schoolyard, after bullies（仗势欺人者）teased him about his own short buzz cut（短寸头发型）. Tori Nelson got the idea after noticing that Matthew Finney, a shy boy from her homeroom at Winlock Miller Elementary School in Washington state, was standing outside his classroom crying and wearing a winter hat.

Ms. Nelson could see the back of his neck had been shaved, and since Matthew usually had very thick brown curly hair, she realized that he'd had a haircut over the weekend. She asked him what was wrong, and he said he'd gotten a buzz cut for the summer. But this morning, a fifth grader on the bus made fun of him, and he didn't want to come to class and get teased by other

kids. Ms Nelson tried to convince Matthew to come inside, but since school rules prohibit kids from wearing hats indoors he refused – explaining that he was afraid of showing his haircut to the other children in case they also made fun of him.

Finally I said: \"If you take off your hat and come to class, I'll let you give me a buzz cut, too,\" 'Ms Nelson told Yahoo Parenting. I figured it's just hair, and mine is already short anyway. I might as well get it shorter in time for the warm weather.'

Matthew excitedly took her up on the offer, and Ms Nelson and another teacher gathered all the fourth graders together during break time. A school employee brought in scissors, which Matthew used to the cheers of his classmates, excitedly watching as his teacher's hair fell away onto the ground in the schoolyard.

'It was a lot of fun for the kids, and it helped Matthew feel better about himself,' said Ms Nelson.' You have to do what it takes to reach children. Teaching isn't just about reading and writing, it's about self-esteem and accepting differences.'

（1）What mainly led to Matthew's standing outside the classroom? A. His fear of being laughed at. B. His willingness to learn. C. His violating school rules. D. His not finishing his homework. （2）Why did Ms. Nelson have her head shaved?

A. To show sympathy for Matthew. B. To comfort and encourage Matthew. C. To prepare for the warm weather. D. To show her unique personality. （3）What is Ms Nelson like?

A. responsible and caring B. knowledgeable and creative C. Humorous and easygoing D. Strong and determined （4）What is the best title for the passage?

A. The real meaning of teaching B. Stand up to school bullying C. Teach kids to respect differences D. A haircut full of love 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）A （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Matthew由于害怕同学们嘲笑自己的头发不敢进教室，老师Tori Nelson安慰他，并和他一起剪了头发。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But this morning, a fifth grader on the bus made fun of him, and he didn't want to come to class and get teased by other kids.和explaining that he was afraid of showing his haircut to the other children in case they also made fun of him.”可知Matthew在教室外哭泣不敢进去是因为害怕同学们嘲笑他。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据老师Tori Nelson和学生一起剪头发和最后一段中的“It was a lot of fun for the kids, and it helped Matthew feel better about himself,' 和Teaching isn't just about reading and writing, it's about self-esteem and accepting differences.”可知Tori Nelson老师这样做是为了给学生安慰和鼓励，培养学生的自尊。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Ms Nelson tried to convince Matthew to come inside.

老师对学生说的“If you take off your hat and come to class, I'll let you give me a buzz cut ,too,\"和最后一段中的“It was a lot of fun for the kids, and it helped Matthew feel better about himself,”可知Tori Nelson老师对学生负责任，关心学生。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文讲述了Matthew由于害怕同学们嘲笑自己的头发不敢进教室，老师Tori Nelson安慰他，并和他一起剪头发的故事，表现了老师既负责又有爱心。D. A haircut full of love概括了本文内容，表达了本文主题，适合作为本文标题。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Every country may have to consider what, if anything, to do about \"global warming\". We should understand that the oft-repeated claim that nearly all scientists demand that something dramatic be done to stop global warming is not true.

Perhaps the most inconvenient fact is the lack of global warming for well over 10 years now. This is known to the warming establishment, as one can see from the 2009 \"Climategate\" email of climate scientist Kevin Trenberth: \"The fact is that we can't account for the lack of warming at the moment and it is an irony that we can't.\" But the warming is only missing if one believes computer models where so-called feedback involving water vapor and clouds greatly amplifies the small effect of CO2. The fact is that CO2 is not a pollutant and it is a key component of the biosphere ( 生物圈)'s life cycle. Plants get better growth with more of it and part of the increase of agricultural yields in the past century certainly came from additional CO2 in the atmosphere. Although the number of the scientists who are publicly opposed to the claim is growing, many young scientists secretly say that while they also have serious doubts about the global-warming message, they are afraid to speak up for fear of not being promoted or worse.

Why is there so much passion about global warming? There are several reasons, but a good place to start is the old question \"Cui bono?\or the modern update, \"Follow the money\". Alarmism (危言耸听) over climate is of great benefit to many, providing government funding for academic research, and thus those people who benefit from this fiercely defended their dogma (信条) and the privileges it brought them.

Every country should support rational ( 合理 的) measures to protect and improve our environment, but it makes no sense at all to back expensive programs that turn away resources from real needs and are based on alarming but shaky claims of \"incontrovertible\" evidence. （1）What can we infer about the author's opinion on global warming?

A. Global warming hasn't happened in the latest 10 years. B. Global warming has become an urgent problem these years.

C. Global warming has worsened a little bit in the recent years. D. Global warming has never happened since measures were taken.

（2）Which of the following statements about CO2 does the writer probably agree with? A. CO2 greatly affects the global warming. B. CO2 makes crops more productive.

C. CO2 involves water vapor and clouds. D. CO2 is the most important part of the biosphere.

（3）Why is there so much passion for global warming?

A. Because it is a good chance for young scientists to be promoted. B. Because the scientists want to have an insight into the problem.

C. Because the government values the problem and tries to solve it. D. Because some people can greatly benefit from the research about it.

（4）What's the writer's attitude toward the programs to protect and improve our environment? A. To support all the programs as long as they are beneficial. B. To support cheap programs instead of expensive ones.

C. To support the programs that are necessary and reliable. D. To support those programs that use less money and resources. 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）D （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述的是“关于地球的变暖。” 每个国家都可能不得不考虑“全球变暖”的问题。我们应该明白，经常重复的说法是，几乎所有的科学家都要求采取一些引人注目的措施来阻止全球变暖，这是不正确的。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Perhaps the most inconvenient fact is the lack of global warming for well over 10 years now.”可知，我们能从作者对全球变暖的观点中推断出“在最近的10年里，全球变暖并没有发生。”故选A。

（2考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Plants get better growth with more of it and part of the increase of agricultural yields in the past century certainly came from additional CO2 in the atmosphere.”可知，关于 “二氧化碳使作物更多产。”陈述可能是作者同意的。故选B。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“thus those people who benefit from this fiercely defended their dogma (信条) and the privileges it brought them.”可知，对全球变暖有如此多的热情是因为有些人可以从这项研究中获益良多。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Every country should support rational ( 合理 的) measures to protect and improve our environment, but it makes no sense at all to back expensive programs that turn away resources from real needs”可知，作者对保护和改善环境的计划的态度是支持那些必要和可靠的项目。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting July 1. Many citizens are still confused about the classification of the four different types of trash. Thankfully, authorities have released an official guideline to explain the new rules.

The guideline, published by the Shanghai Greenery and Public Sanitation Bureau, provides a rather clear definition on the four kinds if waste: recyclable waste, harmful waste, household food waste and residual (剩余) waste.

A team from the U. K.'s National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine examined 14 lean and overweight men and analyzed their metabolic (新陈代谢) health. The participants were either assigned

Harmful waste, as the name suggests, includes various poisonous materials like used batteries, light bulbs, out-of-date medicines, paint and pesticides.

Household food waste — which is translated to \"wet trash\" in Chinese — refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers. Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste.

The definition of residual waste is a little confusing. Anything that is not listed above belongs to this category.

As specific as the new guideline is, residents still have a hard time sorting trash correctly and are finding it challenging to memorize them all. For instance, both plastic bottles and bubble tea or coffee cups are plastic materials. However, the former falls to the category of recyclable waste and the latter belongs to residual waste. To save the hassle, some netizens have come up with their own way to sort trash.

\"We should do this from a pig's angle,\" commented one netizen. \"Those edible (可食用) for pigs are household food waste. Those even pigs don't want to eat are residual waste. If a pig consumes something and dies of it, then something must be harmful waste. Those that can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste.\"

The new regulation came into effect on July 1. Those who do not sort their trash properly will be fined RMB200.

（1）What do the old coats that you want to throw away belong to? A.Harmful waste. B.Wet trash. C.Recyclable waste. D.Residual waste

（2）What is the common point of \"wet trash\"? A.They can be broken down easily. B.They all come from plants. C.They all have bad smells. D.They all have poisonous materials.

（3）What is the tone of the netizen like? A.Serious. B.Humorous. C.Delightful. D.Uncertain.

（4）What does the passage mainly talk about? A.The four sorts of garbing are forbidden in Shanghai. B.Shanghai garbage sorting enforcement begins. C.people are still confused about garbage sorting.

D.The netizens in Shanghai support the garbage sorting policy.

【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）B （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了上海垃圾分类的规范，包括有害垃圾、可回收垃圾、湿垃圾等的分类规范。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第六段“Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste.”可知，old coats是可回收利用的废品。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Household food waste — which is translated to ‘wet trash’ in Chinese — refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers.”厨余垃圾也可被称作湿垃圾，其中包括一些水果皮、中药渣、花等等，由此可知这类垃圾都能够轻易被破坏，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“We should do this from a pig's angle,”可知，网民是用一种调侃的口气来说的。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段介绍了上海实行的垃圾分类，紧接着又对各项垃圾进行了具体阐述，由此判断本文主要介绍了上海正在实行垃圾分类。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Stories are shared in many ways. They are described in books and magazines. They are read around the campfire at night. They are randomly distributed from stand-alone booths. But what else?

To revive (复兴)literature in the era of fast news and smartphone addiction, Short Edition, a French publisher of short-form literature, has set up more than 30 story dispensers (分发机)in the USA in the past years to deliver fiction at the push of a button at restaurants, universities and government offices.

Francis Ford Coppola, the film director and winemaker, liked the idea so much that he invested in the company and placed a dispenser at his Cafe Zoetrope in San Francisco. Last month public libraries in some other cities announced they would be setting them up, too. There is one on the campus at Penn State. A few can be found in downtown West Palm Beach, Fla. And Short Edition plans to announce more, including at the Los Angeles International Airport.

\"Everything old is new again,\" said Andrew Nurkin, the director of the Free Library of Philadelphia, which is one of the libraries that set up the dispensers. \"We want people to be easily exposed to literature. We want to advance literacy among children and inspire their creativity.

Here's how a dispenser works: It has three buttons on top indicating choices for stories that can be read in one minute, three minutes or five minutes. When a button is pushed, a short story is printed. The stories are free. They are chosen from a computer category of more than 100,000

original submissions by writers whose works have been evaluated by Short Edition's judges, and transmitted over a mobile network. Offerings can be tailored to specific interests, like children's fiction or romance. Short Edition gets stories for its category by holding writing contests. Short Edition set up its first booth in 2016 and has 150 machines worldwide. \"The idea is to make people happy,\" said Kristan Leroy, director of Short Edition, \"There is too much unhappiness today.\"

（1）What do we know about the stories sent by dispensers? A.They are expensive. B.They are short in form.

C.They can be read on smartphones.

D.They are mainly taken from magazine literature.

（2）Where can you find the popularity of story dispensers in America? A.In paragraph 3. B.In paragraph 4. C.In paragraph 5. D.In paragraph 6.

（3）Which is the main purpose of setting up the dispensers according to Andrew Nurkin? A.To get rid of people's smartphone addiction. B.To reduce the financial stress of libraries. C.To make people have access to literature. D.To advertise the network literature. （4）What is the best title for the text? A.Online Reading: a Virtual Tour B.Short Edition, a French Publisher C.Everything Old Will Be Popular Again D.Taste of Literature, at the Push of a Button 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）C （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们可以通过多种途径读到小说，例如书籍、杂志等。为了能够在快新闻时代和智能手机成瘾的时代复兴文学，法国文学出版商Short Edition过去几年在美国建立了30多个小说分发机，在餐厅，大学和办公室只需按一下按钮即可以阅读小说。这样人们能更容易地接触文学，以此提高孩子们的读写能力并激发他们的创造力。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“when a button is pushed, a short story is printed”可知，按下按钮，就会打印出一篇短篇小说，因此小说在形式上是简短的。故选B。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“he …placed a dispenser at his Cafe Zoetrope in San Francisco. Last month public libraries in some other cities announced they would be setting them up, too. There is one on the campus at Penn State. A few can be found in downtown West Palm Beach, Fla. And Short Edition plans to announce more, including at the Los Angeles International

Airport.”可知，在旧金山的Cafe Zoetrope有一台小说分发机，其他一些城市的公共图书馆也宣布将安装小说分发机。宾夕法尼亚州立大学的校园里有一台小说分发机。在佛罗里达州有一些小说分发机。在洛杉矶国际机场也将有更多的小说分发机。因此在第3段中可以看出小说分发机在美国受人欢迎。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“We want people to be easily exposed to literature. We want to advance literacy among children and inspire their creativity.”可知，Andrew Nurkin说：“我们希望人们能够很容易地接触到文学。我们希望提高孩子们的读写能力并激发他们的创造力。”因此，在Andrew Nurkin看来，设置小说分发机的主要目的是使人们有机会接触文学。故案选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Stories are shared in many ways. They are described…”可知，文章提出的话题是阅读小说；第二段中的“Short Edition… has set up more than 30 story dispensers in the USA in the past years to deliver fiction at the push of a button at restaurants, universities and government offices.”可知，法国文学出版商Short Edition过去几年在美国建立了30多个小说分发机，在餐厅，大学和办公室只需按一下按钮即可以阅读小说。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Mrs. Jones was my first patient when I started medical school—and I owe her a lot.

She was under my care for the first two years of my medical training, yet I knew very little about her, except that she was thin, perhaps in her mid 70s. It might seem rather negligent not to know the basic facts of my patient ,but I had a valid reason—Mrs. Jones was dead, and had been dead for about three years before I made a patient of her. Mrs. Jones was the dead body that I dissected（解剖）over the first two years of my medical training.

Of course, her name wasn't really Mrs. Jones, but it seemed a little impolite to be conducting research into someone's body without even knowing its name, so out of courtesy, I thought she should have one. “Me and Mrs. Jones, we've got a thing going on,” went the song coming out of the radio as I unzipped the bag of her on my first day — and so she was christened.

As the months passed, I soon forgot that Mrs. Jones had, in fact, once been alive. One day, though, she suddenly became very human again. I'd been dissecting Mrs. Jones a good 18 months before I got around to the uterus（子宫）. After I'd removed it, the professor came up to me, “If you look at the opening carefully, you'll see that the angle indicates that this woman has had several children, probably three.” I stared at it, and I suddenly felt very strange. This woman, who had given me something incredibly precious that I'd begun to take for granted, wasn't a dead body. She was a person, a mother, in fact.

At my graduation, the same professor came over to congratulate me. I explained the story about Mrs. Jones to him, and recalled what he'd told me about her having children and how that had affected me all those years ago.

“Well,” he said, “at the beginning of your training you had a dead body and managed to turn it into a person. Now you're a doctor, the trick is to have a person and not turn them into a dead body,” and he laughed, shook my hand and walked away. （1）Why didn't the author know much about Mrs. Jones? A. Because he was irresponsible for his patients. B. Because he wasn't allowed to ask for her privacy. C. Because he didn't know her until she passed away. D. Because he was too careless while dissecting her. （2）How did Mrs. Jones get her name? A. It was passed down from the seniors of my school. B. It came from a song being played when we first met. C. She was named after a well-known singer I liked best D. It just occurred to me when I opened the bag of her.

（3）What could be the author's feeling for Mrs. Jones now?

A. Grateful. B. Pitiless. C. Hateful. D. Guilty. （4）What did the professor imply by his words in the last paragraph? A. Medical students are able to bring the dead back to life. B. Being a doctor has nothing to do with the medical training. C. Good doctors never fail to save their patients from dying. D. Medical staff ought to have respect for life and humanity. 【答案】（1）C （2）B （3）A （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了和琼斯夫人之间的故事，说明了医务人员应该尊敬生命和人道。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“It might seem rather negligent not to know the basic facts of my patient ,but I had a valid reason—Mrs. Jones was dead, and had been dead for about three years before I made a patient of her.”可知琼斯夫人在去世后，把遗体捐给了医学院，所以在她去世之前，作者并不认识她，故选C。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“‘Me and Mrs. Jones, we've got a thing going on,’ went the song coming out of the radio as I unzipped the bag of her on my first day — and so she was christened.”可知当我们第一次见面的时候，收音机里正在播放一首歌《我和琼斯夫人》，她就这样被命名了，故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Mrs. Jones was my first patient when I started medical school—and I owe her a lot.”可知现在，我对琼斯夫人充满感激，故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“he said, ‘at the beginning of your training you had a dead body and managed to turn it into a person. Now you're a doctor, the trick is to have a person and not turn them into a dead body,’ and he laughed, shook my hand and walked away.”可知教授说得这段话的意思是：“在你刚开始训练解剖尸体的时候，你要设法把尸体变成一

个人。现在，你成为一名医生了，窍门就是不要把人变成尸体。”这名教授说得这些话暗含的意思是医务人员应该尊敬生命和人道，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Climbing Without Ropes

The popular image of the mountain climber is of a person carefully climbing a steep cliff with a network of safety ropes, but it is not the only kind. Many climbers now enjoy bouldering. It's more accessible and better for the environment. What is bouldering? Bouldering is a sport that involves climbing on, over, and around boulders up to approximately twenty feet above the ground. Participants employ no safety ropes. Why boulder? •improve your climbing skills by focusing on basics Bouldering Terms •places to climb, such as crimp: a very small handhold climbing walls at gyms and foothold: a place where one may place a foot to aid in parks, easy to find •less time commitment to jug: a very large handhold that is easy to use bouldering than to mountain problem: The path up a boulder is referred to as the climbing •intellectual enjoyment problems Here is an example of a climber addressing a bouldering problem. Figure 1: The climber has two routes she could take, one to the left and one to the right. The left one appears easier because it has a jug within easy reach, but look what happens if she chooses that direction. She gets stuck on the rock and has to go back down. Sometimes that is even difficult than going up.

Figure 2: The climber takes the one to the right this time. using a foothold and placing her right hand in a crimp, she is able to life herself up and locate other handholds. After only a few moves, she is able to throw her leg over the top of the boulder and pull herself up.

and as one solves “problem” that one must solve. The “solution” is the physical sequence of moves one makes up and over a boulder. climbing boulder

（1）According to the passage, bouldering ________. A. is an indoor sport B. has no safety protection C. needs maps and equipment D. is a steep cliff climbing （2）Bouldering becomes popular because ________. A. it challenges the limits B. it costs less C. it builds minds and bodies D. it is a team game （3）According to the example, the right route is ________.

A. a shortcut B. a dead end C. tough but to the top D. lined with jugs 【答案】（1）B （2）C （3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍没有安全绳的攀岩运动。登山者的流行形象是用一根安全绳，一个人小心翼翼地爬上陡峭的悬崖，但这并不是唯一的一种。许多登山者现在都喜欢抱石。它更容易接近，也更适合环境。

(1)考查细节理解。根据What is bouldering?部分中的“Participants employ no safety ropes.”可知，bouldering没有安全感。故选B。

(2)考查细节理解。根据Why boulder?部分中的“improve your climbing skills by focusing on basics places to climb, such as climbing walls at gyms and parks, easy to find less time commitment to bouldering than to mountain climbing intellectual and physical enjoyment as one solves problems”可知，Bouldering变得受欢迎是因为它建立了精神和身体上的快乐。故选C。

(3)考查细节理解。根据“Figure 2：The climber takes the one to the right this time. using a foothold and placing her right hand in a crimp, she is able to life herself up and locate other handholds. After only a few moves, she is able to throw her leg over the top of the boulder and pull herself up.”可知，根据这个例子，右边的路线是艰难的，但能达到顶峰。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

83-year-old Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his life fighting against the trend. As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable plantations(种植园) and cattle grounds, he struggled to bring the jungles of his childhood back to life.

\"When I was a child, the peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal, and the water dried up and did not come back,\" he told the reporters, \"I thought: 'Water is valuable, no one makes water and the population will not stop growing. What is going to happen? We are going to run out of water.'\"

With only some donkeys and a small team of hired workers, Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land. What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life, and Antonio recalls often spending whole days and nights in his young jungle, surrounded

by rats and foxes, and eating banana sandwiches for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Over the last 40 years, he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land, which now make up a small but unique area of rainforest, and a haven for wildlife.

As the forest grew, the water returned, and Antonio says that there are now over 20 water, sources on his land that were no longer there when he bought it. Then the animals started making a home there. Today, the forest is alive with the sounds of birds and insects living there, and more species are settling in every year.

\"There are toucans(巨嘴鸟), all kinds of birds, squirrels, lizards, and even the boars are returning,\" 83-year-old Vicente says, \"If you ask me who my family are, I would say all this right here, each one of these that I planted from a seed.\" （1）What do we learn about the Brazilian peasants?

A. They wasted much water on farming. B. They focused on short-term profits.

C. They cared much about the environment. D. They relied heavily on rainforests for a living. （2）What used to be young Antonio's biggest concern?

A. Overpopulation. B. Polluted water. C. Loss of grasslands. D. Water shortage. （3）What does the underlined word \"haven\" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Trap B. Disaster C. Shelter D. Balance （4）In the last paragraph, Antonio mainly expresses his . A. affection for his forest B. thanks for his family C. deep love for rare birds D. pride as a successful farmer 【答案】（1）B （2）D （3）C （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，83岁的安东尼奥•比森特在他生命的最后40年里一直在与这种趋势作斗争，他努力使童年的丛林恢复生机。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“When I was a child, the peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal, and the water dried up and did not come back,”--- What is going to happen? We are going to run out of water.'”可知Brazilian的农民关注的是短期的利益。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land. What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life”，可知年轻的Antonio最大的关注是水的短缺。故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Over the last 40 years, he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land, which now make up a small but unique area of rainforest, and a haven for wildlife.”在最近40年，他在31公顷土地上种植了大约50,000棵树，目前虽小但独特的热带雨林地区是野生动物的天堂。由此推知划线的意思是“遮蔽”，故选C。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“There are toucans（巨嘴鸟）, all kinds of birds, squirrels, lizards, and even the boars are returning,” 83-year-old Vicente says. “If you ask me who my family are, I would say all this right here, each one of these that I planted from a seed.”可推知

Antonio主要在表达他对森林的影响。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Lately a popular eight-floor bookstore in Hefei,Anhui province,has risen to fame because it becomes the world's first shared bookstore,in a move meant to encourage more reading among Chinese citizens.

It comes to people's attention as more than 200,000 visitors flooded the store on its first day as a shared bookstore on July 16 this year,a record high since it was reopened to the public in 2013.Some 4,000 books were brought home on the first day,Thepaper.cn reported.

Customers are allowed to borrow up to two books valued under 150 yuan per visit after registering with an app and paying the 99 yuan deposit fee（押金）.

All books on sale in the bookstore are available for sharing.Returned books that are damaged are sold at a discount.The bookstore also provides a bonus for bookworms.People who finish reading 12 books in three months receive eight percent of their deposit back,and members can be rewarded one yuan for every book read.

\"We want to bring down the cost of reading so people could read more books,\"Xu Xinwei,who helps run the bookstore,told Thepaper.cn.

Some parents buy a lot of books for their children,but they usually end up collecting dust as their children grow up.Similarly,some popular novels for young people also fall out of fashion,according to Xu.\"Books are more effectively circulated when they're shared.\" （1）The bookstore becomes a shared one .

A. to make more money B. to make more room for new books C. to inspire more people to read D. to recommend new books

（2）What does the underlined phrase “risen to fame” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Become well-known. B. Settled down. C. Broken up. D. Taken over. （3）What can we infer from the passage?

A. The bookstore was once the best in Anhui province. B. The books that are sold here can't be borrowed.

C. More than 4,000 books were taken home on July 16 in 2013. D. The cost of reading can be reduced by sharing the books.

（4）What does the bookstore do to attract more readers?

A. The bookstore encourages parents to buy more books for their children. B. The readers are allowed to borrow the books unconditionally.

C. The readers who are members can receive one yuan for every book read. D. The bookstore is considering offering a bonus for anyone who likes reading. 【答案】（1）C （2）A （3）D （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，最近，安徽省合肥一家受欢迎的八楼书店，由于成为世界上第一家共享书店，因此鼓励更多中国公民读书。本文以此展开，主要讲述了共享书店的运营模式。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“in a move meant to encourage more reading among Chinese citizens.”可知这个书店成为一家共享书店为了让更多的公民阅读。故选C。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中popular一词，以及提到这家书店成为世界上第一家共享书店，可见这家书店应该“名声大振”。risen to fame译为“名声大振”。故选A.

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“\"We want to bring down the cost of reading so people could read more books,”可推知，共享图书可以降低阅读成本，这样人们可以更多的阅读。故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“and members can be rewarded one yuan for every book read.”可知，所有的阅读者都可以得到每本书一元钱的奖励。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

The more hours that young children spend in child care, the more likely they are to turn out aggressive and disobedient by the time they are in kindergarten, according to the largest study of child care and development ever conducted. Researchers said this correlation (相关性) held true regardless of whether the children came from rich or poor homes, were looked after by a relative or at a center, and whether they were girls or boys.

What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn out aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. It also remains unclear whether reducing the amount of time in child care will reduce the risk that a child will turn into a mean person. What's more, quality child care is associated with increased skills in intellectual ability such as language and memory, leading some academics to suggest that child care turns out children who are “smart and naughty”.

The government-sponsored research, which has tracked more than 1,300 children at 10 sites across the country since 1991, is bound to cause the debate over child care again: How should people balance work and family? And how should parents, especially mothers. Resolve the demands that are placed on them to be both breadwinners and supermoms?

That debate was already on display at a news briefing yesterday, where researchers themselves had different opinions about the data and its implications (含义). “There is a constant relationship between time in care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression and behavior,” said Jay Belsky of Birkbeck College in London, one of the lead investigators of the study who has previously annoyed women's groups because of his criticisms of child care. “On behalf of fathers or mothers?” interrupted Sarah Friedman, a developmental psychologist at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and one of the other lead scientists on the study. “On behalf of parents and families,” responded Belsky.

“NICHD is not willing to get into policy recommendations.” said Friedman, contradicting her colleague. “There are other possibilities that can be entertained. Yes it is a quick solution—more hours in child care is associated with more problems. The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may have implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics.” In an interview after the briefing, Friedman said that asking parents to work fewer hours and spend more time with their children usually meant a loss of family income, which adversely(不利地) affects children.

Scientists said that the study was highly reliable. But the researchers said they had no idea whether the behavioral difficulties persisted as the children moved to higher grades. （1）Children who spend more time in quality child care will ________.

A. develop greater ability in language B. be easy to manage and less naughty C. possess great risk-taking spirit D. be greedy and mean to their classmates （2）What is still unknown about higher level of aggressiveness in kindergarten children?

A. Whether higher level of aggressiveness can be avoided with longer child care. B. Where longer child care equally affects children from different families. C. Whether aggressiveness is a direct result of longer child care. D. Whether longer child care improves intellectual ability in children. （3）In the fifth paragraph the word “it” probably means ________.

A. NICHD is unwilling to give parents recommendations B. NICHD is willing to give policy advice concerning child care C. the number of hours in child care should be reduced significantly D. parents should discipline the behavior of their children more strictly

（4）According to Friedman, Cutting the number of hours in child care ________.

A. may prevent families from having the necessary financial sources B. will make families unable to enjoy much of the social benefits C. will result in subsequent behavioral difficulties in children

D. should be accompanied with the improvement in the quality of child care 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）C （4）A

【解析】【分析】调查显示，儿童早期在托管所呆的时间越长，对孩子的负面影响越大。但这里面很多细节之间的相互关联关系还需进一步的研究。

（1）细节理解题。题干：在优质托管所呆更长时间的孩子们会…根据文章中第二段的内容What's more, quality child care is associated with increased skills in intellectual ability such as

language and memory(更重要的是，优质的儿童护理与智力、语言和记忆等智力技能的提高相关)，故A项（发展语言方面更强的能力。）正确，故选A。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段内容对研究不确定内容的表述What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn out aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. It also remains unclear whether reducing the amount of time in child care will reduce the risk that a child will turn into a mean person.（不确定的是，是否托管所真能导致这些问题，以及是否可能有攻击性的孩子刚好是那些在托管所里呆时间长的孩子。也不清楚减少孩子在托管所的时间是否会减少孩子变成低劣的人的危险。）可知，C项（是否攻击性是长时间呆在托管所的直接结果。）和上文表述一致，故选C。

（3）词义猜测题。根据上文Jay Belsky的观点“There is a constant relationship between time in care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression and behavior,”（托管时间和问题行为有不间断的联系，特别是涉及到攻击性以及问题行为。）Sarah Friedman陈述的观点中说：也有其他需要考虑的可能性。是的，这是一个快速的解决方法，托管更长时间和更多的问题有联系，简单的方法就是减少孩子托管的时间。故这里的it指的是“托管时间应该减少”，故选C。

（4）细节理解题。题干：根据Friedman，减少儿童托管的时间 …。根据Friedman 的观点The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may have implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics.（简单的方法是减少托管时间，但是那可能暗示着在经济方面对孩子的发展不利的家庭），故A项（可能阻止一些家庭必要的经济来源。）与文章内容一致，选A. 【点评】关于细节理解题

用细节定位法：细节理解题属于直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的送分题。但由于高考所占的比例很大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：把某词语、某个句子或某具体事实用不同于原文的另一方式或句型表达，即同义改写。解答这类题的窍门是：A)注意掌握英语的多种表达法；B)正确分析词语在句中的作用；C)熟练运用英语的句型转换；D)读懂题干所提出的问题，并准确地找到文中涉及该问题的句子。

比如文章第4小题，首先根据题干内容“根据Friedman，减少儿童托管的时间…”，这里需要在文章中找到表述Friedman 观点的内容，所以快速定位在文章倒数第二段的内容“There are other possibilities that can be entertained. Yes it is a quick solution-more hours in child care is associated with more problems. The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may have implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics.”阅读四个选项，可发现A选项（可能阻止一些家庭必要的经济来源。）切合Friedman的观点，故选A。