世界文化遗产河南安阳殷墟景区

Yinxu or Yin Ruins,a World Heritage Site, is located in the northwestern suburb of Anyang, Henan Province, stretching across both north and south banks of Huan River. Yin was also known as Běimĕng (北蒙) or Yīnyì (殷邑) while oracle bone inscriptions recorded its name as Dàyìshāng (大邑商) or Shāngyì (商邑).As the last capital of China's Shang Dynasty, it is the first ancient capital site with literature for reference.And from the oracle bones and remains archaeologists have been able to confirm that this was the capital of the Shang Dynasty, dating back more than 3300 years. From 1300 BC when Emperor Pangeng movedhis capital to Yin to 1046 BC when Emperor Dixin led to the subjugation,Yin played as the center of the politics, economy, military and culture during the 255 years, whileafter the downfall of the Shang Dynasty it was turned into ruins.

殷墟规模巨大，范围广阔。东起郭家湾，西至北辛庄，南起刘家庄，北至后营，东北至三家庄，长约6公里，宽约5公里，总面积约24平方公里。殷墟的总体布局以小屯宫殿宗庙区为中心，沿洹河两岸呈环型放射状分布，是一座开放形制的古代都城。

雄伟壮阔的宫殿宗庙建筑基址、等级森严的王陵大墓、星罗棋布的居住遗址、家族墓地，密布其间的手工业作坊和以甲骨文、青铜器为代表的丰富的文化遗存，构成了殷墟独特的文化内涵，展现出这座殷商王都的宏大规模和王者气派。

The palaces, ancestral shrines and the royal tombs of Yin Xu are outstanding examples of early Chinese architecture. The Royal Tomb Area of Yin Xu is the earliest large-scale royal graveyard in China and the source of China’s system of royal and imperial mausoleums. Relics, family graveyards, handicraft-workshops, oracle bone inscriptions and bronze wares also show distinctive features and the majesty of royal families in Shang dynasty.

甲骨文是汉字的前身、世界三大最古老的文字体系之一，不仅证明古老的汉字是起源的，还提供了中国古代的文字造字法则，对3000年以来的中国文化产生了根本性的影响。殷墟甲骨文的发现，不仅把中国有文字记载的可信历史提前到了商朝，而且由于甲骨文内容丰富，涉及殷商政治、经济、文化、意识形态的各个方面，对全面复原殷商社会史具有重要意义，被称为中国古代乃至人类最早的\"档案库\"。对甲骨的研究，也产生了一门新的学科--甲骨学。

As one of the world's three oldest writing systems and the predecessor of Chinese characters, Oracle bone inscriptions have a fundamental influence on Chinese culture in 3000 years. They can not only prove the independent origin of ancient Chinese characters,but also improve the formation rules of chinese characters. The discovery of oracle bone inscriptions date Chinese written history back to the Shang Dynasty. In addition, Oracle bone inscription is rich in contents that involve politics, economy ,culture and ideology of the Shang Dynasty. So it is of great significance to get a full picture of social history and referred to as the “archives”of ancient China.The research on oracle bone inscriptions also develop a new discipline .

殷墟出土的青铜器，包括礼器、乐器、兵器、工具、生活用具、装饰品、艺术品等，形制丰富多样，纹饰繁缛神秘，反映了殷商先民特有的宗教情感和审美观念，达到中国青铜时代发展的巅峰，在中国古代文明史上占有重要地位。青铜器上铸刻的文字(金文)，特别是篇幅比较长的铭文，是当时人们现实生活的反映，保留了当时的真实的面貌，因而具有极高的研究价值。

The ancient China's Bronze vessels unearthed in Yin Ruins, includes sacrificial vessels, musical instruments, weapons, tools,daily used instruments,decorations and art articles,which have various shapes and delicate ornamentation. The Bronze vessels reflect the specific religious sentiment and aesthetic concept of ancient people, and indicate that the bronze development of China had reached its summit, which plays a significant role in the history of civilization of ancient times.Besides, the text engraved on the bronze vessel(Jin Wen), especially the long length of inscriptions, not only reflects people’s real life, but also retains the true appearance, which has a high value of research.

殷墟的发掘，几乎完全改变了传统史观中夏商周三代历史的面貌，真实确立了殷商社会作为信史的科学地位，为商周考古确立了可靠的年代学基础，对于上溯早商文化和夏文化起到了基点作用;填补了以郑州二里岗为代表的早商文化和以殷墟为代表的晚商文化之间的空白，从而完善了商代的编年框架。

The excavation of the yin ruins has almost completely changed the historical outlook of Xia-Shang-Zhou Dynasties, established the scientific status as the true history in the Shang Dynasty and the reliable Chronological basis for Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and laid a basis for the culture in the early Shang Dynasty and Xia Dynasty; It fills up the blank between the early Shang culture represented by Erligang Culture and the late Shang culture represented by the yin ruins, thereby improving the chronological framework of the Shang Dynasty.