2023年北师大版高三英语高考一轮复习Unit 3 Conservation词句文精讲精练含答案

一.核心词精讲Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth's history.

wipe out

①把……擦干净；②使疲惫不堪；③彻底消灭，全部摧毁。

e.g. Make sure the inside of the coffee pot is thoroughly wiped out. All that travelling has wiped her out.

The town was completely wiped out by the earthquake.

【拓展】wipe away 擦掉，清除掉

wipe down从上到下擦干净wipe off①擦掉，刷掠

②把……擦干净③把……一笔勾销

wipe up ①擦干（杯、盘等）②把……用布揩掉

1. Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.

die out

①灭绝，灭亡;②逐渐消失；③熄灭。

e.g. Many animals are in danger of dying out because of human activity. Some of the traditional customs are dying out in China. It took a long time before the big fire died out.

【拓展】die away （指声音、光、风等）变弱，

逐渐消失，渐渐停止die down变弱，逐渐消失，渐渐停止（与

die away同义）;（激动的心情）平静下来

die from/of 因而死die off相继死亡

2. This time, human activity will be to blame.

blame既可作动词，也可作名词。

作动词时，意为“责备，责怪；归咎于常用搭配：

eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in seal levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be to blame.

5 it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate 6 which this is nowhappening is cause for concern. A 2015 study by scientists who were 7(base) at Brown University and Duke University in the US, looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes, that is, the background extinction rate”. They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1000 times 8(fast) than normal. There is a long list of reasons why so many species arc dying out, air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishing. It is clear that human activity has 9 (negative) affected all other species on Earth, 10(include) animals and plants.

Passage BThe Old Town of Lijiang

This site is a few hours bus-ride away from the ancient city of Dali in Yunnan Province. 1. (Surround) by fields, mountains and rivers, (he Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone in spring and summer. Each year, many foreign tourists 2(visit) the Old Town, and the place is like “Venice in the East“ lo them. There are narrow alleys, pretty streams, small stone bridges and houses with 3(carve)doors and painted windows.Passage C So why is nature beginning to turn on us? One answer is overpopulation. The population of the world 1(grow) at the rate of 10,000 people an hour, ncarly90 million a year. Most of the 2(grow)is in the developing world. Poor people in 3(agriculture) areas often move to the cities. They build homes from 4 materials they can find. Thesehomes can 5(easy) collapse during earthquakes or slip and slide downhill in landslides, especially after heavy rain. 6 top of that, there is the added aspect of global wanning.

This has mainly been caused by the huge amounts of carbon dioxide 7(produce) by factories and vehicles. The 8(destroy) of the world's forests plays a part, too. AS a result, a hotter ocean causes 9(strong)winds. Atlantic humcanes are 40% stronger now than they 1()(be)30 years ago. 课文重点内容回顾Passage A l.that 2.known 3.which 4.varied5.Although6.at 7.based8.faster 9.negativelylO.including

Passage B 1.Surrounded 2.visit 3.carved Passage C 1. is growing 2.growlh 3.agricultural4. whale ver5.easilyOn7. produced8.dcstruction 9.stronger10. were

blame ... for sth.因某事责怪 blame sth. on ...把某事归咎于 be to blame for sth. 对某事负有责任

e.g. The report blames poor safety standards for the accident. One of the computers is broken and she's blaming it on me.

Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.

作名词时，意为“责任;指责”。 常用搭配：

take / bear the blame 负责put / lay the blame on 怪在身上 e.g.

I'm going to take all the blame on myself.

But you are not to blame; I can't put theblame on you.

3. It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.

affect作动词，可意为：

①影响

②（感情上）深深打动，使悲伤（或怜悯等） ③（疾病）侵袭，使感染

c.g. The change in climate may affect your health. We were deeply affected by the news of her death. It's a disease which affects mainly older people.

【拓展】effect n. the way in which an event, action, or person changes someone or

something 作用； 结 果

have an effect on 对产生影响effective adj.有效的；起作用的

4. Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out.

risk既可作名词，也可作动词。

作名词时，意为“危险，风险”常用结构：

at risk有危险，冒风险

at one's own risk at the risk of...冒着样的风险

at one's own risk takc/run a risk/risks 冒险 take/run the risk of... 冒的危险

自担.风险

作动词时，意为“冒失去……的危险，冒……的危险”，后接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。

eg

You'd be crazy to risk your money on a business like that! If you go on skating on the thin icc, you will risk falling through. 5. How often do we get stuck in traffic jams?

有多少次我们碰到交通堵塞而动弹不得？

get stuck陷入，卡住

e.g. His legs got stuck in the hole. He couldn't move.

他的腿卡在洞里了。他动不了。

6. Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.

有些癌症与交通污染有关。

related to①与相关的②与属于同一家族或种类的 7. To be frank, Tin addicted to my car.

老实讲，我沉溺于汽车难以自拔。

be addicted to对上瘾，对有瘾

e.g. My kids are all addicted to TV cartoons.

我的孩子们全成了电视卡通迷。

二.重点词精练

1. Wc should prepare a separate bin for r（可以再次循环的）waste products. 2. Humans are to b（受至U责备）for the worsening environment. 3. It is clear that global warming is a（影响）our planet.

4. The shopping carnival offered a wider choice of goods for c （消费者） 5. We should take public t（交通）more instead of driving often. 6. The heavy use of disposable c（筷子）does great harm to forests.

7. It is necessary for us to take r（有规律的，定期的）exerciseo Factory farming uses a lot of c （化学物

质），which is harmful to the environment.

8. Yuanmingyuan park is a very important h（历史的，具有历史意义的）spot. 9. Yuan Longping has made great contributions to a（农业的）development of China.

词组填空：

I. switch to 2. wipe out 3. be at risk 4.be to blame 5. stressed out 6. fbr instance 7.be related to 8. sum up9. do one's part10.apari from 1. Wc definitely need to different forms of power as soon as possible to protect ourearth. 2. Extinctions, where entire species, arc not unusual in our Earth's history.

3. We are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity willAs we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also of

dying out.

4. Factory farming is cruel to the animals., many farm animals are kept in small spaces where they can hardly move.

5. To, the advantages of organic farming outweigh its disadvantages. 6. If we all, we can live a healthier life on Earth. 7. Some types of cancer traffic pollution.

9 .being a lot cheaper than traditional or organic fanning, factory farming provides more food for the increasing world population.

10 . Many people get due to traffic jams on their way home or to work, which caneasily lead to road rage.

三.课文重点内容回顾Passage A

Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth's history.

In fact over 90 percent of all species 1 ever lived arc now extinct. In the last 500millionyears, there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended. These include the third mass extinction, 2(know) as the44 Great Dying”, which killed 90% to 96% of all species. And the fifth event, 3 occuiTed 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs.

The reasons for extinctions are 4(vary). According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in seal levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. Many scientists say wc arc now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be to blame.

5 it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate 6 which this is nowhappening is cause for concern. A 2015 study by scientists who were 7(base) at Brown University and Duke University in the US, looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes, that is, the background extinction rate”. They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1000 limes 8(fast) than normal. There is a long list of reasons why so many species arc dying out, air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishing. It is clear that human activity has 9 (negative) affected all other species on Earth, 10(include) animals and plants.

Passage BThe Old Town of Lijiang

This site is a few hours bus-ride away from the ancient city of Dali in Yunnan Province. 1. (Surround) by fields, mountains and rivers, the Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone in spring and summer. Each year, many foreign tourists 2(visit) the Old Town, and the place is like “Venice in the East” to them. There arc narrow alleys, pretty streams, small stone bridges and houses with 3(carve)doors and painted windows.

Passage CSo why is nature beginning to tum on us? One answer is overpopulation. The population of the world I(grow) at the rate of 10,00() people an hour, ncarly90 million a year. Most of the 2(grow)is in the developing world. Poor people in 3(agriculture) areas often move to the cities. They build homes from 4 materials they can find. These

homes can 5(easy) collapse during earthquakes or slip and slide downhill in landslides, especially after heavy rain. 6 top of that, there is the added aspect of global warming.

This has mainly been caused by the huge amounts of carbon dioxide 7(produce) by factories and vehicles. The 8(destroy) of (he world's forests plays a part, too. AS a result, a hotter ocean causes 9(strong)winds. Atlantic hurricanes are 40% stronger now than they 10(be)30 years ago.

Unit 3 Conservation

一.核心词精讲Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth's history.

wipe out

①把……擦干净；②使疲惫不堪；③彻底消灭，全部摧毁。

e.g. Make sure the inside of the coffee pot is thoroughly wiped out. All that travelling has wiped her out.

The town was completely wiped out by the earthquake.

【拓展】wipe away 擦掉，清除掉

wipe down从上到下擦干净wipe off①擦掉，刷掠

②把……擦干净③把……一笔勾销

wipe up ①擦干（杯、盘等）②把……用布揩掉

1. Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.

die out

①灭绝，灭亡;②逐渐消失；③熄灭。

e.g. Many animals are in danger of dying out because of human activity. Some of the traditional customs are dying out in China. It took a long time before the big fire died out.

【拓展】die away （指声音、光、风等）变弱，

逐渐消失，渐渐停止die down变弱，逐渐消失，渐渐停止（与

die away同义）;（激动的心情）平静下来

die from/of 因而死die off相继死亡

2. This time, human activity will be to blame.

blame既可作动词，也可作名词。

作动词时，意为“责备，责怪；归咎于常用搭配：

blame ... for sth.因某事责怪 blame sth. on ...把某事归咎于 be to blame for sth. 对某事负有责任

e.g. The report blames poor safety standards for the accident. One of the computers is broken and she's blaming it on me.

Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.

作名词时，意为“责任;指责”。

常用搭配：

take / bear the blame 负责put / lay the blame on 怪在身上 e.g.

I'm going to take all the blame on myself.

But you are not to blame; I can't put theblame on you.

3. It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.

affect作动词，可意为：

①影响

②（感情上）深深打动，使悲伤（或怜悯等） ③（疾病）侵袭，使感染

c.g. The change in climate may affect your health. We were deeply affected by the news of her death. It's a disease which affects mainly older people.

【拓展】effect n. the way in which an event, action, or person changes someone or

something 作用； 结 果

have an effect on 对产生影响effective adj.有效的；起作用的

4. Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out.

risk既可作名词，也可作动词。 作名词时，意为“危险，风险”

常用结构：

at risk有危险，冒风险 at the risk of...冒着样的风险 at one's own risk自担风险 takc/run a risk/risks 冒险

take/run the risk of... 冒的危险作动词时，意为“冒失去……的危险，冒……的危险”，后接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。 eg

You'd be crazy to risk your money on a business like that! If you go on skating on the thin icc, you will risk falling through. 7. How often do we get stuck in traffic jams?

有多少次我们碰到交通堵塞而动弹不得？

get stuck陷入，卡住

e.g. His legs got stuck in the hole. He couldn't move.

他的腿卡在洞里了。他动不了。

8. Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.

有些癌症与交通污染有关。

related to①与相关的②与属于同一家族或种类的To be frank, Tin addicted to my car.

老实讲，我沉溺于汽车难以自拔。

be addicted to对上瘾，对有瘾

e.g. My kids are all addicted to TV cartoons.

我的孩子们全成了电视卡通迷。

二.重点词精练Wc should prepare a separate bin for r（可以再次循环的） waste products.

10. Humans are to b（受至U责备）for the worsening environment. 11. It is clear that global warming is a（影响）our planet.

12. The shopping carnival offered a wider choice of goods for c （消 费者）We should （ake public t（交

通）more instead of driving often.

13. The heavy use of disposable c（筷子）does great harm to forests.It is necessary for us to take r（有规律

的，定期的）exercise。

14. Factory farming uses a lot of c（化学物质）♦ which is harmful to （he environment. 15. Yuanmingyuan park is a very important h（历史的，具有历史意义的）spot. 16. Yuan Longping has made great contributions to a（农业的）development of China.

答案： 重点词精练：

1. recyclable 2. blame 3. a Heeling 4. consumers 5. transport 6. chopsticks 7. regular 8. chemicals 9. historical 10. agricultural

用下面词组填空: 2. switch to 4.be to blame 7.be related to 1Cfmm 2. wipe out 5. stressed out 8. sum up 3. be at risk 6. for instance 9. do one's part 1. Wc definitely need to different forms of power as soon as possible to protect our

earth.

2. Extinctions, where entire species, are not unusual in our Earth's history.

3. We are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will

4. As we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also of dying out.

5. Factory farming is cruel to the animals., many farm animals are kept in small spaces where they can hardly move.

6. TD, the advantages of organic farming outweigh its disadvantages. 7. If we all, we can live a healthier life on Earth. 8. Some types of cancer traffic pollution.

9. being a lot cheaper than traditional or organic fanning, factory farming provides more food for the increasing world population.

10. Many people gel due to traffic jams on their way home or to work, which can easily lead to road rage.

:田- rtr r£i E IriiH 词组填空答案 1. switch to 5. For instance 9. Apart from 2. are wiped out 6. sum up 10. stressed out 3. be to blame 4. are at risk 7. do our part 8. are related to n d mass extinction, 2(know) as the\" Great Dying”，which killed 90% to 96% of all species. And the fifth event, 3 occurred 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs. The reasons for extinctions are 4(vary). According to scientists, they include volcanic