一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解
To fight for the conservation of forest ecosystem, several ecologists including Daniel Janzen convinced Del Oro, an orange juice producer, to donate part of their forestland to a national park. In return, Del Oro was allowed to throw large amounts of waste in the form of orange peels (皮) on a 3-hectare piece of land within the national park at no cost. Dealing with tons of leftover peels usually involved burning them or paying to have them poured into a landfill, so the proposal was very attractive.
But a year later, another juice company challenged the deal in court, arguing that their competitor was “polluting a national park”. They ended up winning, and the deal between Del Oro and the national park fell through.
Then in 2013, while discussing possible research avenues with Timothy Treuer, Daniel Janzen mentioned the orange story. Feeling interested, Treuer decided to stop by that piece of land that had been covered with fruit waste 15 years earlier. What he found shocked him.
“While I would walk over exposed rock and dead grass in the nearby fields, I'd have to climb through undergrowth and cut paths through walls of vines (藤) in the orange peel site itself.” said Timothy Treuer.
Treuer and his team spent months picking up samples (样品), analyzing and comparing them. They found great differences between the areas covered with orange peels and those that were not. The area with orange waste had richer soil.
The effect that the orange peels had on the land is probably not that surprising to people familiar with composting (施肥), but what is really shocking is that a judge actually thought the waste of orange “mined” a national park and stopped it from going forward. Now that Timothy Treuer's study has received worldwide attention, this type of “ruining” is being seriously considered as a way of bringing forests back to life. （1）What did Del Oro usually do with orange peels?
A. Add them to fuel. B. Throw them into a national park. C. Bum or bury them. D. Make them into cakes.
（2）What can we know about the deal between Del Oro and the national park? A. It lasted 15 years. B. It was signed by Treuer. C. It was made in about 1998. D. It was broken by Del Oro. （3）What was Treuer's finding?
A. Orange peels contain much fibre. B. Orange peels can make soil richer. C. Orange peels rot away in a short time. D. Orange waste ruined the national park. （4）What is the author's attitude toward the judge mentioned in the last paragraph? A. Disapproving. B. Positive. C. Worried. D. Admirable. 【答案】（1）C （2）C （3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了橘子皮对土壤的积极作用。 （1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句话Dealing with tons of leftover peels usually involved burning them or paying to have them poured into a landfill, 可知，之前处理橘子皮一般要烧掉或花钱请人掩埋掉。故答案为C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Then in 2013, while discussing possible research avenues with Timothy Treuer, Daniel Janzen mentioned the orange story. Feeling interested, Treuer decided to stop by that piece of land that had been covered with fruit waste 15 years earlier.可以推断出，15年前 Del Oro与national park 达成协议，往公园里倾倒橘子皮，但一年后由于其他果汁公司的挑战终止了。故答案为C。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第五段They found great differences between the areas covered with orange peels and those that were not. The area with orange waste had richer soil.可知，他们发现被倾倒过橘子皮的地土壤更丰富。故答案为B。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段but what is really shocking is that a judge actually thought the waste of orange “mined” a national park and slopped it from going forward.可知，这位法官认为橘子皮毁坏了公园的发展，而作者在文中最后一句话this type of “ruining” is being seriously considered as a way of bringing forests back to life.指出，研究表明，橘子皮实际上使森林恢复了生机，所以作者不赞成法官的观点。故答案为A。 【点评】阅读理解细节题解题技巧：
1）语义转换题--跳读查找法：根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。
2）生活应用题--常识理解法：在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。 3）细节排序题--首尾定位法：根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。
4）寻找信息题--题干定位法：寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。
2．阅读理解
Sometimes we start a day with the previous day still in mind. We think about the mistakes we made in the previous day, how things went wrong, and how we felt bad about it. No wonder it becomes difficult to focus on the current day.
Here are some steps on how to start your new day fresh: ⒈Take time to evaluate your day
At the end of a day, take some time to think about it. The purpose of this thinking time is not to regret how bad your day was, how things went wrong, or how people treated you badly. This won't do you any good. Instead, the purpose of this thinking time is to extract（吸取）lessons which you can bring to the following day. ⒉Make a commitment to apply the lessons
After you extract the lessons, you should make a commitment to apply them. To do so, find some actionable things you can do to apply the lessons. Next, remind yourself to do them. You
may write them down if you want to. ⒊“Close” your day
After you have spent the time to think about the day and extract the lessons, make a decision to “close” the day. You are done with it; don't think about it anymore. ⒋Bring only the lessons to the next day and nothing else
After you “dose” a day, you should not bring anything out of it to the next day except for the lessons you extract. Focus on applying the lessons to the present. This way you will be able to start your day fresh without the burden of yesterday.
（1）What will happen if we think too much about the past? A. There will be a disaster. B. There will be good results. C. We won't have a peaceful mind. D. We surely won't finish today's task. （2）When should we draw lessons from the past mistakes? A. At the end of a day. B. When we make mistakes.
C. At the beginning of a day. D. When we regret making the mistakes. （3）Why should we extract lessons from the past day? A. To set them down. B. To consider them again. C. To make a better decision. D. To apply them for future use. 【答案】（1）C （2）A （3）D
【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。本文告诉我们不能每天太多地想过去的事，这样会让我们难以把注意力放在当天，文中还告诉我们一些开始新的一天的四个步骤。
（1）推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，如果我们每天一开始就想前一天所犯的错误的话我们就很难把注意力放在当前的这一天，那么我们的心情就很难平静下来分析选项可知，C项（我们不会有和平的心态。）符合题意，故答案选C。
（2）此题属于细节理解中的语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。根据 “Close” your day中的After you have spent the time to think about the day and extract the lessons, make a decision to “close” the day.：在一天结束前，你花时间思考过去的一天并汲取教训后，这一天就结束了，即在这一天结束时来思考过去的一天并吸取教训。题干When should we draw lessons from the past mistakes?☞文章内容After you have spent the time to think about the day and extract the lessons, make a decision to “close” the day. 与At the end of a day相符，故答案选 A。
（3）细节理解题。根据Make a commitment to apply the lessons部分中的After you extract the lessons, you should make a commitment to apply them. To do so, find some actionable things you can do to apply the lessons.可知，我们应该从过去吸取教训就是在以后运用。分析选项可知D项（将它们应用于将来）符合题意，故答案选D。 【点评】推理题的解题方法
1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断。3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。 4. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。5. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结
论。 6. 结合已有的知识进行推断。
3．阅读理解
A robot created by Washington State University (WSU) scientists could help elderly people with dementia (痴呆) and other limitations live independently in their own homes.
The Robot Activity Support System or RAS, uses sensors installed in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities. It navigates (定位) through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own, provides video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owner to objects like their medication or a snack in the kitchen.
\"RAS combines the convenience of a mobile robot with the activity detection technology of a WSU smart home to provide assistance in the moment, as the need for help is detected,\" said Bryan Minor, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
Currently, an estimated 50 percent of adults over the age of 85 need assistance with every day activities such as preparing meals and taking medication and the annual cost for this assistance in the US is nearly $2 trillion. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, researchers hope that technologies like RAS and the WSU smart home will relieve some of the financial strain on the healthcare system by making it easier for older adults to live alone. RAS is the first robot researchers have tried to incorporate into their smart home environment. They recently published a study in the journal Cognitive Systems Research that demonstrates how RAS could make life easier for older adults struggling to live independently.
\"While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising,\" Minor said. \"The next step in the research will be to test RAS' performance with a group of older adults to get a better idea of what prompts, video reminders and other preferences they have regarding the robot.\" （1）How does RAS serve elderly people?
A. Through sensors. B. Through objects.
C. Through a mobile robot. D. Through their daily activities. （2）What can we know about RAS?
A. It is the first robot used in daily life. B. Its function remains to be tested. C. It can locate people and do any task. D. It can cook for owners on its own. （3）What's Minor's attitude toward the future of RAS?
A. Doubtful. B. Negative. C. Optimistic. D. Uncertain. （4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Elderly people leave the nursing home. B. Smart Home Tests first elder-Care robot. C. RAS, the first robot to make home smart. D. Older adults have benefited from RAS. 【答案】 （1）A
（2）B （3）C （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人，可以帮助那些痴呆或有身体缺陷的老年人在家里过上自立的生活。
（1）考查细节理解。根据章第二段中的“ The Robot Activity Support System, or RAS, uses sensors （传感器）equipped in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities”可知机器人活动支持系统（RAS）使用WSU智能家居中配备的传感器（传感器）来确定其居民在哪里，他们在做什么以及何时需要日常活动的帮助，说明传感器起到了重大的作用，故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The next step in the research will be to test RAS' performance…”可知，这台机器人的表现还要经过进一步的测，说明正在测试阶段，故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising”可知，Minor对这款机器人的未来发展充满信心、非常乐观，故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人。再根据最后一段中的“The next step in the research will be to test RAS' performance ”可知，机器人目前还在华盛顿州立大学的智能屋里进行测试，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
When I was a child, our dining room had two kinds of chairs — two large ones with arm rests and four small ones without. The larger ones stood at the ends of the table, the smaller ones on the sides. Mom and Dad sat in the big chairs, except when one of us was away; then Mom would sit in one of the smaller chairs. Dad always sat at the end, at the \"head\" of the table. Sitting where he did, Dad was framed by the window through which the yard could be seen with its trees and grass. His chair was not just a place for him at table; it was a place in which he was situated against the yard and the trees. It was the holy(神圣的)and protected place that was his, and ours through him.
After Dad retired, he and Mom moved out into a small flat. When thy came to visit me at their old house, Dad still sat at the end of the table though the table was no longer his but mine. Only with my marriage to Barbara, did I hear a voice questioning the arrangement. She requested, gently but firmly, that I sit at the head of the table in our home. I realized then that I was head of the family, but I also felt unwilling to introduce such a change. How would I feel sitting in that \"head\" place in my Dad's presence? And how would he handle it? I was to find out on the occasion of our youngest child's first birthday.
Mom and Dad arrived for lunch, and went into the dining room. Dad moved toward his usual
seat in front of the window. Before he could get around the side of the table, I took a deep breath and said, \"Dad, this is going to be your place, next to Mom, on the side.\" He stopped, looked at me and then sat down. I felt sad, and angry at Barbara for pushing me to do this. It would have been easy to say, \"My mistake, Dad. Sit where you always sit, \" But I didn't.
When he and Mom were seated, Barbara and I took our places. I don't know how Dad felt. I do know that, though removed from his usual place, he continued to share his best self with us, telling stories of his childhood and youth to the delight of his grandchildren. As I served the food, our lives experienced a change, which we continue to live with.
It wasn't easy, but I sense that there is also something good in the change which has occurred. I am beginning to learn that \"honoring one's father\" is more than the question of which place to occupy at the dining table. It also means listening, wherever we sit and whatever positions we own, to the stories Dad longs to tell. We may then, during these magical moments, even be able to forget about whose chair is whose.
（1）Why did Dad always sit in the big chair at the end of the table before he retired? A.Because the chair was large enough for him.
B.Because sitting there he could see the trees and grass in the yard. C.Because it was the holy seat for the head of the family. D.Because the chair was comfortable with arm rests. （2）What do we know from the second paragraph? A.The writer's parents moved out because the house was too old. B.The writer didn't want to hurt his father’s feelings. C.The writer's wife was rude to his parents. D.The writer didn't dare to refuse his wife's request.
（3）Which of the following is true according to the passage? A.Dad felt upset after being removed from his usual place. B.The writer was satisfied with the new seating arrangement. C.Dad continued to tell stories to cover his embarrassment. D.Dad didn't appear to mind where he sat. （4）What does the writer intend to tell us? A.Respecting Dad is more than the question of dining seat. B.It is not easy to go against parents' wishes. C.Think twice before you act. D.Every coin has two sides. 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）D （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙，通过讲述作者和父亲餐厅座位的变化告诉我们尊重父母并不在于餐厅的座位，而是快乐相处。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“His chair was not just a place for him at table; it was a place in which he was situated against the yard and the trees. It was the holy(神圣的）and
protected place that was his, and ours through him.”可知父亲的餐桌位置不仅是靠着院子和树林的地方，还是一个一家之主神圣和受保护的地方。所以为什么爸爸在退休前总是坐在桌子尽头的大椅子上是因为那是一家之主的圣座。故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I realized then that I was head of the family, but I also felt unwilling to introduce such a change. How would I feel sitting in that \"head\" place in my Dad's presence? And how would he handle it?”可知作者成为一家之主后，不愿意占据父亲原来一家之主的神圣座位。所以判断出作者不想伤害父亲的感情。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Before he could get around the side of the table, I took a deep breath and said, ‘Dad, this is going to be your place, next to Mom, on the side.’He stopped, looked at me and then sat down.和第四段though removed from his usual place, he continued to share his best self with us, telling stories of his childhood and youth to the delight of his grandchildren.”可知作者让父亲坐在边上后，父亲似乎并没表现出介意坐在哪里，仍然和我们说笑，给孩子们讲他孩时和年轻时的故事。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I am beginning to learn that ‘honoring one's father’ is more than the question of which place to occupy at the dining table. It also means listening, wherever we sit and whatever positions we own, to the stories Dad longs to tell We may then, during these magical moments, even be able to forget about whose chair is whose.”可知作者开始认识到“孝敬父亲”不仅仅是在餐桌上占据什么位置的问题。无论坐在哪里，无论坐什么位置，我们都会倾听爸爸渴望告诉我们的故事。所以作者想告诉我们“孝敬父亲”，不仅仅是在餐桌上占据什么位置的问题。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
The Maltese Islands are rich in Neolithic (新石器时代的) sites. Ggantija in Gozo, Tarxien, and the Hagar Qim/Mnajdra Complex here on Malta's south coast are perhaps the most well-known. These piles of stones are some of the earliest known manmade structures in the world. They are showing their age a bit but what would you expect for buildings that are five and a half thousand years old. My house was built in the year 2000 and is already in bad condition round the edges. These temples are older than the pyramids!
In my opinion the temples are best seen after the visitors have left. Come with me for a late afternoon walk down the hill past Hagar Qim towards the Mnajdra Complex. There are chain link fences around the temples now but we can ignore those and try to image why Maltas earliest people went to the trouble of building these structures on this windy and poor hillside. Of course the temples would have looked rather different when they were constructed. They may have been decorated with pigments and possibly even roofed with animal skins or other materials. Who knows? We do know that they were changed and added to over a 1,000 - year period or so.
Getting to Mnajdra and Hagar Qim is easiest if you have a car. Or if you don't mind a hike, you could get a bus to Qrendi(3 km away) or Zurrieq (5 km away) and walk from there. Warning:
although the distances are not too great, walking several kilometers in the Maltese sun can be very hard and possibly dangerous. Take water and sunscreen. （1）What makes the writer wonder about the temples?
A. Their history. B. Their appearance. C. How they were built. D. When they were built. （2）What are we aware of about the construction of the temples? A. They have been transformed. B. They look the same as before. C. They were carefully designed. D. They are not what they used to be. （3）How can we admire the sites getting least sunburn?
A. By hiking there. B. By riding a car. C. By taking water. D. By taking a bus. （4）Where can we possibly find this article?
A. In a political speech. B. In a historical fiction. C. Ina travel magazine. D. In a geography text book. 【答案】（1）B （2）D （3）B （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。马耳他群岛拥有丰富的新石器时代遗址，尤其是马耳他群岛的寺庙建筑群最为著名。
（1）推理判断题。根据描述可知，作者在第一段对寺庙的期待。第二段对寺庙外围的描述，第三对寺庙可知，作者认为寺庙不是原来建的样子。文章大部分是对寺庙的外观进了描述，可见作者对其外观感到好奇，故答案选B项。
（2）推理判断题中的（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。答案需要从文章的根据第三段Of course the temples would have looked rather different when they were constructed….Who knows? We do know that they were changed and added to over a 1,000 - year period or so.进行推断。根据第二段的We do know that they were changed and added to over a 1,000 - year period or so. 可知我们知道在过去的1000多年它们被改变过，被扩建过，即现在的寺庙不再是它们以前的样子了。题干What are we aware of about the construction of the temples? 文章内容We do know that they were changed and added to over a 1,000 - year period or sochanged and added to over a 1,000 - year period or so.☞ D 选项They are not what they used to be.故答案选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，去那儿可以开车很容易。如果不介意走一会的话，你可以乘公共汽车到Qrendi（3公里）或Zurrieq（5公里），然后从那里步行。当然，尽管路途不远，在马尔他阳光下行走数公里可能非常困难，也可能是危险的。要喝水和涂防晒霜。分析开车直接去几乎不用晒太阳，故B正确 。选项A、D都要走路，会晒伤，文中说要多喝水，而非带水就不会晒伤，C错误。因此B符合题合题意。
（4）推理判断题。本文主要对了马耳他群岛的风景点作了简单的介绍，所以文章应该出出在旅游杂志上。故答案选C。 【点评】推理题的解题方法
1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断。3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。 4. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。5. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。
6. 结合已有的知识进行推断。
6．阅读理解
One of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto. It was the farthest, coldest, and darkest thing a child could imagine. We guessed how long it would take to die if we stood on the surface of such a frozen place wearing only the clothes we had on. We tried to figure out how much colder Pluto was than Antarctica, or than the coldest day we had ever experienced in Pennsylvania.
Pluto, which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”（矮星） in 2006, captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.
Pluto's underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive. Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts, old farm equipment and self-ground lenses. As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, Tombaugh's task was to search millions of stars for a moving point of light, a planet that the observatory's founder thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune. On February 18，1930，Tombaugh found it. Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American, and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression's dark encroachment (入侵).
Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet. It's a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn't the limit at all. We don't know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look. （1）Why did Pluto become famous in 2006 according to the passage?
A. Because it lost its major planet status. B. Because it disappeared in the sky. C. Because it was discovered by an American.
D. Because it was proved to be the coldest planet in the universe. （2）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. An American Scientist: Clyde Tombaugh B. Pluto was First Discovered by a Boy C. Pluto's Strange Romance
D. The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania （3）What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?
A. Clyde Tombaugh discovered the darkness in the Great Depression. B. Pluto was the only planet that was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh.
C. Clyde Tombaugh's job was to build telescopes for Lowell Observatory. D. Clyde Tombaugh's telescopes used for searching stars were very simple.
（4）What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A. Pluto is no less than a planet in the solar system. B. Pluto is much more than a planet in the solar system. C. Pluto is more important than any other planet in the sky.
D. Pluto is not a planet in the solar system, but it is more than a planet. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）D （4）D
【解析】【分析】文章讲述了小时候作者对冥王星的认识，以及冥王星被发现和被从太阳系去除的经过，更表现了冥王星的神秘和魅力，这使作者认识到宇宙是无穷的，也是不断变化的，需要我们不停去探索。
( 1 )推理判断题。根据第三段Pluto, which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”（矮星）in 2006, captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system可知，在2006年冥王星被从太阳系大行星中被去除，失去了其大行星地位，故选A。
( 2 )主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是冥王星的被发现和被从太阳系去除的经过，更表现了它的神秘和魅力。C项“冥王星的奇怪浪漫史”概括全文，故选C。
( 3 )推理判断题。根据第四段Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts, old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.和On February 18，1930，Tombaugh found it. Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American, and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression's dark encroachment (入侵).可知，是Clyde Tombaugh用他简陋的仪器发现了冥王星，成了第一个发现行星的美国人，并且给黑暗的大萧条时期带来了一线光明。故选D。
( 4 )猜测句意题。此句指冥王星的发现并不仅仅是一颗行星，它还让我们知道了宇宙无限大，天空根本不是极限，它们是不断变化的需要我们去探索。故选D。 【点评】考查科普类短文阅读。
7．阅读理解
Scientists found that sleeping considerably improves our creativity. After taking a nap people are able to think faster and put more imagination into their thinking. Besides, if we dream, the thinking abilities are improved even more.
Researchers consider that sleeping on a problem in most cases leads to elucidation(解释). They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep, it increases the effect. Such phase takes place right before we awake and according to scientists it helps our
brain make links between unrelated subjects.
In the study, led by Professor Sara Mednick, scientists made a conclusion that the REM was \"important for assimilating(消化) new information into past experience\" in order to find solutions to creative problems.
Prof. Mednick is a psychiatrist at the University of California. Her study involved the analysis of 77 adults. Each participant was given several word-associated creative tasks. All tasks were given in the morning, with participants being shown a number of groups of 3 words, for example: cookie, heart and sixteen. They were asked to come up with a word that would be associated with all three given terms—like sweet. Sometime later, after some participants were allowed to sleep, they were asked to perform the same tasks and some new ones. It is worth mentioning that while some people slept, researchers used brain scans to see the type of sleep each participant entered.
When given the same tasks, participants, who took a nap, were able to give more varied solutions, some of which were much better than they gave earlier. But when given new tasks, researchers found that those who entered REM sleep had a 40 percent better result compared to the performance they showed in the morning. （1）What does \"it\" refer to in the second paragraph?
A. The effect. B. REM. C. Sleep. D. A problem. （2）Why do the researchers study the REM?
A. Because REM takes place just after you sleep. B. Because REM can store more information. C. Because REM can help find creative solutions D. Because REM can make a creative invention. （3）What can we know from this passage?
A. Taking a short nap is good for your thinking during the day. B. Sleeping has three processes which is good for creativity. C. Each adult was allowed to sleep after the task was given. D. REM is a process taking place right after we awake when we nap. （4）The important stage in the study is________.
A. to think of a creative word B. to show a group of 3 words
C. to give participants time to think D. to let some participants sleep for a while 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A （4）D
【解析】【分析】文章讲述了科学研究发现，睡眠能大大提高我们的创造力。
( 1 )词义猜测题。根据前一句They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep可知，it指代REM，选B。
( 2 )细节理解题。根据倒数第三段scientists made a conclusion that the REM was \"important for assimilating(消化) new information into past experience” in order to find solutions to creative problems.可知，科学家之所以研究这个时期是因为这个时期对于找到创造性问题的解题办法是重要的，这个时期会将新信息消化为经验，故答案为C。
( 3 )细节理解题。根据最后一段When given the same tasks, participants, who took a nap, were able to give more varied solutions, some of which were much better than they gave earlier.可知，小睡一会之后会让人有更好的表现。故选A。
( 4 )推理判断题。根据倒数第二段It is worth mentioning that while some people slept, researchers used brain scans to see the type of sleep each participant entered.可知，研究很重要的一个阶段就是要让参加者睡一会，然后来扫描他们大脑看看他们进入的睡眠阶段。选D。
8．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
\"The history of the world is but the biography (传记) of great men,\" argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the \"Great Man Theory of History.\" This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyle's theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.
As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, you'll likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this the case? First, I find good biographies fascinating. I'll occasionally read a novel, but I've never been overly drawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchester's The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life.
Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. You'll find no better account of the British Empire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchester's Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion. Strictly speaking, a biography is but a slice of history.
Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his mind, and a man who works with his mind should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchill's saying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world. This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them.
Don't be counted among their number.
（1）What is implied in the first paragraph? A. The author finds Carlyle's theory undebatable. B. Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history. C. It is debatable whether one should read great men's biographies. D. The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.
（2）What does the underlined phrase \"other items\" in the third paragraph refer to? A. good biographies B. stories of certain times
C. the volumes of The Last Lion D. the chapters of the British Empire （3）Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The author considers biographical reading enjoyable. B. The author can travel to another world in the evening. C. The author has fought many battles during his lifetime. D. The author profits commercially by reading biographies. （4）What is the author's main purpose in writing the article? A. To analyze the benefits of vocational reading. B. To introduce to readers his unique reading strategies. C. To present great men's history through biography reading. D. To recommend biography reading through his own experiences. 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）A （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者阐述了喜欢读好的传记的原因。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的\"This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times\"可知，这一理论表明，更广泛的历史运动和轮廓都可以追溯到对其时代有独特影响的伟大人物的领导。所以通过第一段的关键词\"go back to，had unique influence on their times\"，判断出第一段暗示了作者同意历史受某些人的影响很大。故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的\"A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. \"可知，一个好的传记作家不仅讲述一个人的故事，而且还在讲述他们所处的时代。读一本好的传记就像漫步在一个充满智慧的购物中心。第一家商店吸引了你，但你会惊喜地发现，还有其它的商品吸引了你的注意力。所以作者把读好的传记比喻成购物，将历史人物和某个时期的历史故事比喻成商店的商品。故判断出第三段划线的\"other items\"指的是某个时期的故事。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\"For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life\"以及第三段\" Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.\"可知，对我来说，不读传记会剥夺我生活的乐
趣。的确，没有什么事情比悠闲地度过夜晚，进入另一个世界更令我放松。所以作者认为传记阅读令人愉快。故A选项\"作者认为传记阅读令人愉快\"是正确的。故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的\"First, I find good biographies fascinating.\"；第三段中的\"Second, I find good biographies informative.\"；第四段中的\"Third, I find good biographies relaxing.\" 以及最后段\"This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don't be counted among their number.\"可知，首先，我觉得好的传记很吸引人。我发现好的传记信息丰富。我发现好的传记让人放松。这就是为什么我喜欢读好的传记，以及为什么我同情忽视它们的人。不要成为那些不读传记的人群的一员。可知，作者通过自己的经历阐述了自己喜欢读好的传记的原因目的是推荐人们读传记。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms in India. Numerous ruins scattered throughout the territory offer a constant reminder of the area's history, which makes the city always be a fascinating place for tourists.
With the development of the city and more and more people moving, the city has expanded several times in size. That is why it is called New Delhi. New Delhi, a city with a population of over 20 million people, has its newest problem: never before has this city met with the worst air problem.
Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.
Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.
New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states. Fireworks and firecrackers to celebrate the Hindu festival of Diwali then arrives, leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city. The city's air quality index, which measures a mix of dangerous pollutants, registered an average score of 494 Sunday. That is the highest 24-hour average since Nov. 6, 2016, when it hit 497, according to data measured by the Central Pollution Control Board. （1）Which of the following is NOT true? A.Diwali is one of the most important festivals in India.
B.The government did little to protect its citizens against the serious pollution. C.Such a serious air pollution in New Delhi appears on a regular basis. D.The index of the recent air pollution is not the worst in the history. （2）Who may not complain about the serious air pollution? A.The parents whose children have to stay at home.
B.The pilots whose planes have been diverted or delayed. C.The manufacturers who produce antipollution masks. D.The officials who have to work out of their offices.
（3）Which of the following phrases can replace the underlined word in paragraph 5? A.Sent out. B.Sent up. C.Sent in. D.Sent on.
（4）The title of the passage should be . A.Problems Caused by the Development of New Delhi B.Dangerous Pollution Envelops New Delhi C.Antipollution Masks Are in Great Need in New Delhi
D.Farmers in the Neighboring States are to Blame for Burning Crop Stubble 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但由于污染严重，整个新德里处于危险的污染中，人们必须戴防污口罩，冬天天气寒冷污染物成雾霾，成为世界是污染最严重的城市。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段“Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.”印度首都的空气污染飙升至多年来最严重的水平，笼罩着这座城市的浓雾已成为年度公共卫生紧急事件，尽管政府誓言要解决这个问题；第五段“New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust ..., leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city.” 新德里每年都会被污染吞没，随着天气变冷，汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飘动的灰尘，以及邻国农作物秸秆燃烧产生的烟雾，都会形成浓雾。庆祝印度排灯节的烟花爆竹随后到达，使德里现在成为世界上污染最严重的城市；以及第四段中的“Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 在学校、学院、医院和市场上分发了数以百万计的防污口罩。可知，政府尽管发誓解决这种污染，但情况不仅没有改变，反而更加严重，使得人们必须佩戴防毒口罩。由此可判断出政府几乎没有保护其公民免受严重污染。故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段“Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 周末期间，由于能见度低，数百架航班被迫改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，官员们紧急采
取措施，试图扭转不断恶化的空气质量。学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。由此可知，由于污染严重，学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。所以生产防污染口罩的厂家要加大生产 ，是不会抱怨的，故选C。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states.”本句是说新德里每年都笼罩在污染中。因为天气变冷，从汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂“emitted”的污染物形成了厚厚的雾霾。根据常识可知，汽车和用煤发电的发电厂会“排放或释放”污染物的。由此可判断“emitted”是排放的意思。故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。本文叙述了随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但周末的能见度低，数百架航班在周末改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，人们必须戴防污口罩，可知，新德里被严重的污染所笼罩。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是环保类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解 On Broadway
Dear friends and community,
We are happy to introduce our new show, On Broadway.
This will be a night of the most entertaining, and thrilling Broadway Shows set on stage. We would like to honor some of these world class acts in our spectacular show. You will experience dramatic tangos (探戈), elegant waltzes (华尔兹), and much more. This production will attract you with its creative dancing, exciting music, and beautiful costumes.
Date: February 20 - April 4, 4 - 6 pm Admission: $20 presale/$25 on the door Summer Camp
Our unique and fun summer camp features dancing, fitness, games and other activities. While having a good time, campers can improve their body coordination (协调), balance, posture, and physical condition.
For the last day, we have planned a performance for family and friends to show everything we have learned during the camp.
Date: Monday July 9 - Friday July 13, 9 am - 12:30 pm Children Ages 5 & Up North Carolina Open
I am excited to invite you to attend the North Carolina Open, Charlotte's first NDCA recognized dance competition.
Located in the beautiful Ballantyne Resort, this is an event you won't forget. Take part in an elegant evening of dancing, then relax in the spa or get away for a round of golf. Enjoy a full day of dancing with world-class judges and scholarship opportunities.
Date: September 21 Admission: $30
General Information: Yusimi Cruz, Phone: (704) 892-7000
Dance Center USA is turning 7 years old, so come and celebrate with us! Anniversary Gala
Wine bar, appetizers (开胃菜), great music, and special performances by Dance Center students and professionals will be waiting for you.
Also, an award ceremony will be held to recognize the outstanding achievement of our students in the past year. Date: Friday April 29, 8-10 pm Party Admission: $15
（1）How much do you have to pay for a ticket to On Broadway if you book in advance? A.$15 B.$20 C.$25 D.$30
（2）How do children benefit from the summer camp? A.It helps strengthen their bodies.
B.It enables them to learn from famous dancers. C.They gain useful camping skills.
D.They learn how to get on with their parents.
（3）Which event is available in April at a good price? A.On Broadway B.Summer Camp C.North Carolina Open D.Anniversary Gala 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个娱乐活动：百老汇音乐剧；夏令营；北卡罗来纳州的舞蹈公开赛以及一个周年庆典。
（1）考查细节理解。根据On Broadway部分中的“Admission: $20 presale”提前购票$20，可知，提前预定On Broadway的门票，只需要$20。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据Summer camp部分中的“While having a good time, campers can improve their body coordination (协调), balance, posture, and physical condition.”在玩得开心的同时，夏令营的参与者能够改善他们的身体协调性、平衡性、坐立的姿势以及身体状况，可知，参加夏令营能帮助同学们强壮身体。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据On Broadway部分中的“ Date: February 20 - April 4, 4 - 6 pm”从2月20日持续到4月4日；Anniversary Gala部分中的“ Date: Friday April 29, 8-10 pm”4月29日晚上8点到10点，都可以在四月内观看。再根据On Broadway部分中的“ Admission: $20
presale/$25 on the door”提前预定$20，现场买票$25；以及Anniversary Gala部分中的“Party Admission: $15”$15，可知，Anniversary Gala的门票更便宜一些。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
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