知识结构网络 现在完成时 构成：have/has+过去分词（注意不规则动词） 用法 1.\"完成用法\"动作发生在过去，已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响， 2.\"未完成用法\"动作开始于过去，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。 3.表示经验或者次数（这个动作在过去的这段时间内发生了多少次） 区分 have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in 表示现在完成时的时间状语 短暂性动词与延续性动词 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 知识讲解 一．构成： have/has➕done 二．用法 1. 完成用法：动作发生在过去，已经完成，现在造成影响或结果 I(miss) the bus, so I have to walk home. 2. 未完成用法：动作发生在过去，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态（还没有结束）。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词） I have lived in Suqian for ten years. 3.表经验或者次数：现在完成时还可以表示一个动作到现在为止发生过多少次（never，ever）。 I have never been to Beijing. I have been to Beijing twice. 三．现在完成时常见的时间状语 already yet since for so far in the past twoyears recently 四．辨析：have been in, have been to, have gone to have been in强调“呆在某地”之意，表示经验，后面常与for/since等段时间连用； have been to的意思是“去过某地,已回来”，常与never/ever/次数/before等连用 have gone to表示“去了某地还没回来”，强调人已离开说话的地方。 [即时演练] Is your father at home？ No, he Beijing since two days ago. 五．短暂性动词与延续性动词 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响，能与时间段连用。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束，不能与时间段连用。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。 用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。 He has bought the book for two weeks.（错） 改为:He has had the book for two weeks. borrow --- havekeptbuy --- havehad begin/start --- have been onfinish --- have been over die ---have been deadmarry --- have been married join ---have been in/ have been a member of leave --- have been away open --- have been open close -- have been closed fall asleep --have been asleep [即时演练] The shop in Wanda Square _________for six years, but I _________there so far. A. has opened; haven’t gone B. has been opened; haven’t been C. has been open; haven’t gone D. has been opened; haven’t been 六．区分现在完成时和一般过去时： 1. 如果有时间状语，一定要优先分析时间状语，以时间状语为判断依据。 2. 现在完成时，顾名思义要和“现在”有关联，和现在没有关系的语境不能用现在完成时 3. 现在完成时不可与疑问副词when连用；而一般过去时则可以。例如： When did he come? [即时演练]（注意结合语境） 1.---Have you graduated from college yet? ---Yes, I __________ in Nanjing University for four years. A. have study B. have studied C. studied D. was studying 选择题 1. —Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it? —In April. I _______ it for two months. A. have had B. had C. have bought D. bought 2.—Sorry, I’m late. _________ did the meeting begin? —It doesn’t matter. The meeting _________ for several minutes. A. When; has just begun B. When; has just been on D. How long; has just begun C. How long; has just been on 课堂练习 3. —When did the Whites come to China? —They ________ China for seven years. A. have come to B. have been in 4. —Has your cousin arrived in Beijing yet? —Yes. She ________ Beijing since yesterday morning. A. arrived in C. has been in B. has arrived in D. has been to C. have come in D. have been to 5. —Peter says Red Rock Canyon is a great place for rock climbing. —He’s right. I __________ there twice. A. was going B. went C. have been D. have gone 6. —Look! That man looks like Mr. Green. —It _________ be him, for he _________ America for a month. A. can’t; has gone to B. may not; has gone to C. mustn’t; has been in D. can’t; has been in 7. —Has your cousin arrived in Beijing yet? —Yes. She ________ Beijing since yesterday morning. A. arrived in C. has been in 词汇题 1. Our life (change) a lot in the last few years. 2.He’ll write to me as soon as he _________ (reach) Xian. 3.----_____ you _______(see)the film? ---Yes, I _________ (see) it two weeks ago. 4.They ________ (make) a lot of friends since they cam to our city. 5.Young trees____________(water) well every day. 6.You_______ (fine) by the police if you break the rules in the street. 7. She hurt herself badly and (send) to hospital at once. 8. We must get there before the film (begin ).Let's hurry. B. has arrived in D. has been to 9. Who (speak ) at the meeting this afternoon? I think Mr. Lee is. 10．She (choose) as the chairman of the Students Union．It made us very happy． 11.The teacher ____________(talk) to my father when I got home. 13.Where’s Kate? She ________( go) to the library. 14．—Hi，Wilson．This is the second time you (forget) to bring your book． —Sorry，I won't do that again，Mr Green． 15. — Sam, you ________ (watch) TV again! Have you finished your homework? — Of course, Mum, or I won’t turn on the TV. 16. Mr. Liu with Tom ________ (tie) newspapers together when I entered the office. 17. It’s thousands of years since the Great Wall ________ (build). How amazing! 18. Dear Mom, I ________ (grow) up. Please don’t treat me like a child any longer. 19. If you try, I’m sure that your dream ________ (come) true. 20. — Is Uncle John coming to join us in the picnic? — Not until he ________ (complete) his work. 单项选择 1. I haven't planned _______ the four great classical Chinese novels. A. who read B. when to read C. whether read D. who to read 课后作业 2. — ________ I hand in the report today? — No, you _______. A. Can; mustn't B. Must; don't have to C. May; don't D. Need; don't need 3. — Why are there so many people gathering here? — They are waiting to enter the zoo, only one ________. A. on time B. in time C. at a time D. at times 4. Tim's grandparents live ______ in the countryside, but they don't feel _______. A. lonely; lonely B. alone; alone C. alone; lonely D. lonely; alone 5. — Is Mary in? I want to invite her to the party. — No. She Shanghai. A. went to B. has been to C. goes to D. has gone to 6. — Have you finished your task ___________? — Yes, I have done that ____________. A. yet; already B. already; yet C. ever; never D. still; just 7. — Wandering Earth(流浪地球) is really wonderful. It ______ me a lot. — So it is. I couldn't help crying several times during the watch. A. improved B. missed C. touched D. managed 8. — How long I these books? — For a week. You must return it before Monday. A. will; keep B. has; borrowed C. can; keep D. may; borrow 9. Engineer Wang ______work in Hongkong, but now he _____ driving on the right in Shengzhen. A. used to; used to B. used to; is used to D. was used to; used to C. was used to; is used to 10. — How did you make such a beautiful kite? I like it very much. 完形填空。 There used to be a famous writer. He had a(n) 31 of walking by the seaside before his writing. One day, when he was walking along the beach, he saw a human in front moving like a 32 . He smiled to himself, \"Who would dance on the beach?\" So he began to walk faster to catch up. — _________. A. With pleasure B. It's my pleasure C. It's all right D. Take it easy As he got closer(接近), he saw that it was a young man. The young man wasn't dancing, but 33 he was reaching down to the beach, picking up something and very 34 throwing it into the ocean. \"Good morning! What are you doing?\" The young man 35 and replied , \"Throwing starfish (海星) into the sea.\" \"For what?\" the writer was a little 36 . \"The sun is up and the tide(潮) is going out. And if I don't throw them in, they'll 37 .\" \"But, young man, don't you 38 that there are miles and miles of beach and starfish? You can't 39 make a difference!\" The young man listened politely. Then he still bent(弯腰) down, picked another starfish, threw it into the sea and said, \"It made a difference for that 40 .\" A good 41 came out of the writer's mind that day. Each of us has something 42 or a natural ability to make a difference to the world. If we all can find our starfish and throw our starfish wisely(智慧地), the world will be wonderful.[来源:Z+xx+k.Com] 31. A. habit 32. A. singer 33. A. however 34. A. rudely 35. A. looked up 36. A. excited 37. A. dance 38. A. tell 39. A. exactly 40. A. one 41. A. newspaper 42. A. special 四、阅读理解 Hundreds of years ago, no dandelions (蒲公英) grew in North America. Then people came from Europe. They had dandelion seeds(种子) on their clothes. The seeds fell from their clothes onto the ground. Since then, dandelions have spread(传播) all over. B. idea B. walker B. anyway B. gently B. looked down B. humorous B. jump B. realize B. nearly B. time B. magazine B. different C. interest C. dancer C. just C. heavily C. turned on C. surprised C. swim C. understand C. possibly C. place C. title C. usual D. ability D. player D. instead D. excitedly D. turned off D. lonely D. die D. receive D. usually D. person D. article D. active Most people believe that dandelions are weeds. They do not want them in their gardens. But some people think that dandelion flowers are pretty. And others think that dandelions taste good. They cook dandelion leaves or put them into a fresh salad. The leaves must be picked before the flowers come out or they will not taste good. Some people make dandelion flowers into wine. Dandelions do not die easily. If the winter is not very cold, their leaves may stay green. When the spring arrives, their flowers come out. Each night their bright yellow flowers close up. When the sun shines the next day, they open up again. Dandelion flowers are very unusual. They do not have to get pollen (花粉) from another dandelion flower in order to form(形成) seeds. So after several days, the yellow flower turns white and soft. A tiny brown seed forms at the bottom of each white petal (花瓣). When the wind blows, the petals float away. Each white petal carries a seed away. This lets the dandelions spread their seeds all over. New dandelions grow where the seeds land. 48. The underlined word “weeds” means ________. A. fresh vegetables B. wild plants C. pretty flowers D. green trees 49. From the passage we can know ________. A. Dandelions arrived in Europe from North America. B. Dandelion flowers change from yellow to white. C. Dandelion flowers change into white at night. D. Some dandelion petals don’t carry their seeds away. 50. What is the best title for this passage? A. The History of Dandelions B. The Use of Dandelions C. How to Grow Dandelions D. Dandelions: Flowers or Food C Chris Haas, a 9-year-old kid, noticed many of his classmates holding basketballs incorrectly and, as a result, not shooting(投篮) very well during a school basketball practice. He was the son of a basketball coach and knew a thing or two on the right way to shoot. After trying to show his classmates the right way to hold a ball, he came up with his invention(发明): the hands-on basketball. The hands-on basketball is a basketball training tool for kids. It has hands painted on it, showing the correct place to hold the ball while trying to shoot. However, when he first took his invention to a kids' invention competition at his school that year, he didn't win. But with his teachers' and family's encouragement(鼓励), he went to several sport companies and asked whether they would be interested in making and selling his invention. None of them was. Chris didn't give up and a year and a half later, luckily, his invention won the attention(注意) of a sport company. And it soon came out in the market. After that he won tons of prizes. The hands-on basketball is now sold successfully around the world. But being famous was just one of the new challenges(挑战) Chris had to face after he sold his invention. Chris travelled around big cities like New York, Las Vegas to promote(宣传) his invention. He also had to decide how to use his money cleverly. Each year, he gives away much money to some children's charities. These days, Chris is an active basketball player and writer of the book — Shooting for your Dreams. 51. Chris got the idea of the hands-on basketball ______. A. from his basketball coach B. from helping his classmates C. to improve his shooting skills D. to join an invention competition 52. The underlined word \"them\" in Paragraph 2 refers to(指) \"______\". A. Chris's teachers B. Chris's family D. kids in Chris's school C. several sport companies 53. Why does the writer write this passage? A. To share a kid inventor's success. C. To let people know about an invention. B. To tell people how to become Chris. D. To show the importance of giving back. . What does the underlined phrase \"give up\" mean in Chinese?
A. 相信 B. 放弃 C. 迷路 D. 摆脱 一、单选：BBCCD ACCBB 二、完型：ACDBA CDBCA DA 三、阅读：DCABC BBD BCAB
