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音标和音节

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考试 评价 湖j 一、音标 1.什么足爵标 占标类似 t-tE_语拼音,是记录音素的符号,是音素的标写符号‘。它的制定原则是:一个音素 薅 只,}J一个 标表示,而一个音标并不只表示一个音素(双元音就是由2个音素组成的,相对于 冗宵来说 …2个音索构成的音标我们称之为双元音)。英语音标中有2o个元音,28个辅音, 参 共48个 如下l冬{: 元音(20个) 爆破音 摩擦音 f 际 I...,...._L 一 破擦音 鼻音 边辅音 半元音 l双元音 辅音(28个) 清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ 浊辅音 /b/ | | igl 清辅音 { } /s/ /0/ /j'/ /h/ 浊辅音 /v/ /z/ /6/ /3/ /r/ 清辅音 /tJ'/ /tr/ /ts/ 浊辅音 /d3/ /dr/ /dz/ 浊辅音 /m/ /n/ ,/8/ 浊辅音 /11 浊辅音 } f /w/ 2.发肯规律 j 肯的发肯:念长元音时,一定要注意音的长度;念短元音时,…定要念得短而自然。一 般来说,清辅音前的短元音应念得非常短。 双 L青的发占:发双元音时由一个元音向另一个元音滑动,口型有变化。前一个元音发音 清晰响毙,}1.时问长.后一个元 发音模糊软弱,且时问短。 爆破占的发占:发音器官在[]腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。清辅音,有气 流 无声 ‘、( : itt-.)无振动;浊辅音,有气流、有声音、(声带)有振动。 摩擦音的发 :摩擦净也叫擦音,由发苛器官造成的缝隙使气流产生摩擦而发L叶|的声音。 牙 合拢, 流从牙齿缝巾发出来。清辅音,牙齿中间无舌头;浊辅音,牙齿中间有舌头。 破撩 的发音:破擦音由一个爆破齿和…个摩擦音组成。发音时舌尖抵住上齿龈成发 tl Id】的姿坍,彤成气流的完全阻碍。随后 I:气流冲破这种阻碍轻微爆破后立即发出第二个摩擦 音.即先燃破后哮擦,两音密合.发成一个音。 舁 :发音时,口腔气流通路阻塞,软腭下垂,鼻腔通气发出的声音。 边辅 :发爵时,口腔的气流通路的中问被阻塞,气流从舌头的两边通过。 半无占的发 :具有元音的语音特性,但起辅音的音系作用的非音节性音段,通常是个滑 语卉学上指擦音巾气流较弱,摩擦较小,介于元音跟辅音之间的音。 【音标跟踪练】 , 1.读~读,找出划线部分发音不同的单词。 。1.A cup B.bus 己6 2.A.yellow 3.A.Thursday 4.A.kite B.how— C.snow C.math C.ice-cream C.short D.window D.clothes D.bike D.f0rk B.thank B.pig B.hone 5.A.doctor —~—II.根据音标写单词。 1.【An。f。:(r)f(o)notil] 2.【.3:(r)d(a)n(a)ri】 3。 【‘faeJ'(o)nab(a)l】 4.5.【。konfid(o)nt】 【‘prOmls】 [praod] 6. 7.8.[ik‘spref(a)n】 【aek‘uviti】 9. [breO】 二、音节 1.什么是音节 音节是构成语音序列的单位,也是语音中最自然和最小的语音结构单位。通常是由一个元 音或一个元音加上一个或几个辅音构成一个音节。如:I/ai/,a/el;o/是由一个元音构成的音 一——一——…————一一——节;he/hi:/,milk/milk/是由一个元音一个辅音或几个辅音构成的音节。 在英语中,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节。 但有三个辅音/m/,/n/,/1/例外。当它们在句末时,也能和它前面的另一个辅音构成一个音节, 这种不含元音因素的音节叫做成音节。如:people/。pizpl/中的/pl/,lesson/‘lesn/中的/sn/都是一 个音节。这种音节总是非重读的。 英语单词有一个音节的,有两个音节的,也有多达五六个、七八个音节的。只有一个音节的 词叫单音节词。如:on/on/,much/mAq/,在划分音节时.这种音节不能拆开。有两个音节的词 叫双音节词。如:notebook/‘noutbok/,orange/。orInd3/。有三个或三个以上音节的词叫多音节 词。如:library/'lalbrarl/,November/nou。vemba/。 2.怎样划分音节 将一个单词划分为音节时,有时根据其语音形式,有时根据其书写形式。以teach和nice为 例,从书写形式上看,teach中有两个元音字母,但是这两个元音字母ea组合在一起发一个音 /i:/。因此teach只能算一个音节。nice中也有两个元音字母,但词尾的e不发音,因此nice也是 单音节词。 音节的划分还要注意以下几点: 1)一归后。指在两个音节之间,若只有一个辅音字母(r除外),这个辅音字母划归后一个音 节。如:hu—man,lna—ga—zine,Fri—day等。 2)两分开。两个音节之间若有两个辅音字母.则分别划归前后两个音节。如:Lon—don,in— side等。 3)辅音连缀不分开。指在两个音节之间的辅音连缀或辅音字母组合,如th,sh,ph,tr,dr, bl,cl, ,pl,br,cr,fr,gr,pr等不能分开,必须划在一个音节内。如果前一个音节是重读闭音节, 就划归前一个音节。如:chi—cken等。如果前一个音节是非重读音节或开音节,它们一般划归后 个音节。如:A—pril,a—gree等。如果两个音节之间有三个或三个以上的辅音字母,要根据情况 灵活分开。如:coun-try等。 【音节跟踪练】 I.说出下列单词有几个音节。 一1.hope 2.hobby 3.magician 4.geography 5.Internet 6.invitation 1.wonderful 6.example 7.Japan 2.trader 7.comedy 8.1ose 9.1oudly 10.impossible Ⅱ.正确划分下列单词的音节。 3.enough 8.appear 5.ticket 1o.、riolinist (KeyQ= ̄p.39) 己7 答better and will make fiendsr with you if you follow the above advice. Best regards! Yours, 案页 T_ESTlNG AND EVALUATl0N a more practical point of view,English is one of the most important subjects on the university entrance exams.To do wel1 i11 the exalllS.we inust study English hard. Therefore,learning English is nmch nlore than a Zhang Hua shion;it is really a nlust1 1 hope that all the students Ways to Fimi True Friendship 0ne possible version: Some people said people should make friends online. In their opinion,the Intemet has many advantages.It helps them make friends and students can express their feelings and opinions more freely by pay lnore attention to their study of’English and make good use ofit fronl now on. That’s al1.Thank you. 音标和音节 I.1—5 DBDBA 一、chatitng online What’s more.students can get help with their foreign language studies online. 0thers,Oll tile coutralv,think students should not nlake mends online.They think it wastes time.which should be spent more meaningfully studying.What’s worse,sonle students get cheated online. 必修l Unit 2重点单词归纳与练习 一、1.base;basic 2.gradual;gradually 3.1atter: latest;later;lately 4.identiw;identify 5.fluent;fluently; fluency 6 frequent;frequently 7.expression;express 8.recognize;recognition 9.official;ofifce;ofifcer 1 0.usage;useful;use 二、1—5 CBDBA 必修1 Unit 2重点短语归纳与练习 1—5 I)(:ACC 必修1 Unit 2口语会话 1—5 DFACG American English and British English One possible version: English is a usefill language all around the world. For people in countries such as Britain and America, English is their mother tongue.Other people 1elm English as a second language.However,most people learn English at school as a foreign language. The English language is also used by most international organizations as their working language,as wel1 as in international trade and tourism. Most ofreigners visiting China are either businessman or tourists.If they can not speak Chinese they use English to communicate with Chinese people. e Importance ofLearning a Foreign Language One possible version: Why Should We Learn English? Hello,dear friends.Mv speech topic is“Whv should w,e learn English?” Nowadays.t}1e ability to connnunicate with each other is becoming increasingly important.Being able to communicate iI1 English helps us unde ̄tand the world better.In addition.being able to speak English makes traveling nluch easier,and possibly 1ess expensive. On the other}land.it is well know that the most of the 1atest internationa1 news and other information is written in English,To keep up with the ever—changing world,we must have a good conmland of English.From II.1 1.unfortnnately 2.ordinary 3 ̄1shionable 4.confident 5.proud 6.promise 7.expression 8 activity 9.breath 二、I.1.1个2.2个3.3个4.4个5.3个6.4 个7.2个8.1个9.2个1().4个 II.1.won—der—ful 2.tra—der 3.c—nough 4.ne— ces—sa—ly 5.ti—cket 6 ex—aln—pie 7.co—me—dy 8.ap—pear 9.e—du~ca—tion 1 0 vi—o—lin—ist How didyou do ff'Dad? 卜一4BADC A City Vanishes 1—3 FFF 4 Crater.5 Subside.6 The paved streets Unforgettable Experiences 1—3 BI)A 必修1第1单元基础知识训练题 I.1 feelings 2.upset 3.sufiered 4.point 5 concerned 6.ignoring 7 entirely 8.teenage ̄9.itein 11).tips II.1.hidden away 2.in order to 3.according to 4.aln tired of 5.on purpose 6.getting along with 7. ce to face 8.are concenled about 9.cahned down 10.set down II1.1.There wil】be a series of otball Rallies next month. 2.Doing morning exercise is good for your health 3.Please add sonle sugar to the lnitk 4.Mum is concerned about Mary’s study 5.Did you set down Toln’s story? 6.In order to catch the bus,he got up early. 7.1 wonder if he went to visit Mr Smith on purpose. 8.I agree with you entirely. 9.Our English teacher gets along well with us. 1 0 Can you give us sonIe advice on how to 1earn English? lV.1—5 ABBDB 6—10 AADAA 1 1—1 5 1)CAAA V.1.He asked me whether/if1 would show him tile way to the station. 2.He told wle that he had lOSt his pen. 3.The doctor asked Hie Dot to drink too much. 4 She told Hie that she had colne back an hour before. 5 He told Tom that they had made a nIistake 6.He told her that he had seen her there. 7.They said that they were going to see Lily then. ]9 

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